2017年大連海事大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題

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As individuals, we are inherently more limited than a community. Although we can consult books and friends and critics, in the end we are limited to our own single perspectives. We are only one person —looking at the world from one place one history one pattern of knowing. A community, on the other hand, can see things through many eyes, many histories and many ways of knowing. The question is whether it dismisses or creatively makes use of and integrates that diversity. Communities are wise to the extent they use diversity well. The wisest know that every viewpoint represents a part of the truth and that it is through the cooperative creative interplay of the viewpoints that the wisest, most comprehensive and powerful truths emerge. So they engage in that interplay, that

dialogue — a creative controversy or consensus process that winds its way to wise public judgment. The best government is that government which enables communities to do this — to nurture and utilize their wisdom and resources — especially their diversity — in such a way that they require less and less government. A community that can manage itself in a wise and sustainable manner is one that has mastered democracy. They know they can’t depend on leaders to do things for them. They know that democratic citizens and leaders work best in partnership with each other, co-creating each other’s power. They

know that leaders work must be seen as living extensions of their own will and wisdom, which must be kept active. They know that passive “followership” abandons leaders, deprives them of the wisdom and creativity of the community, and opens them up to the corruptions of alienated power. A democratic

community grows beyond dependence and paternalism. In a sense, the more democratic a society is, the more it has “come of age”. Movements for democracy might even be seen as the maturation process of a culture. A mature society knows how to handle itself in dynamic context with others, drawing on its inner resources (its diverse members) and relating responsively and creatively with its environment.

36. The writer believes that individuals ?

A. are inevitably more narrow-minded and less resourceful

B. are able to develop lasting friendship within a limited circle

C. can focus on one history or one aspect of knowledge

D. must decide whether or not to take advantage of the diversity

37. The writer compares individuals and communities in order to .

A. argue that communities are wiser than individuals

B. criticize community’s lack of friendliness and perspective

C. prove that each has its own merits and advantages

D. show how community wisdom comes from individuals

38. According to the passage，the best truth comes when .

A. all different communities are equally smart

B. the wisest men are chosen to stand for the whole community

C. people of various opinions work together in a productive way

D. people hold debates and put on plays to find out the wise judgment

39. It can be concluded that the best government is one .

A. that guides communities to make wise judgment

B. that encourages communities to work for the government

C. that makes use of community’s wisdom and diversity to perform its function

D. that leaves governing to the wisdom of communities and governs least

40. According to the passage，in a democratic society ?

A. collective wisdom is employed in the management of the community

B. government is regarded as useless and unnecessary

C. leaders must be powerful and wise enough to guide people

D. people are allowed to do whatever they want to do

41. In the last paragraph, the phrase “come of age” is closest in meaning to .

A. arrival of a new time B. reaching maturation

C. being advanced D. catching up with the trend

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