2018年清華大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題

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Despite Denmark’s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small- mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country. ” You’re supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life’s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars—Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs一there is no Danish Academy to defend against it 一old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, Few have too much and fewer have too little, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It’s a nation of recycles—about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.

Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the world’s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. ” So, of course, one’s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ( “Foreigners Out of Denmark! ”)，broken beer bottles in the gutters，drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line： town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it’s 2 a. m. and there’s not a car in sight. However, Danes don’t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a. m. -for-the-green-light people—that’s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability ； its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.

The orderliness of the society doesn’t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn’t feel bad for taking what you’re entitled to, you re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one； and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.

45. The author thinks that Danes adopt a attitude towards their country.

A. boastful B. modest C. deprecating D. mysterious

46. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?

A. Fondness of foreign culture. B. Equality in society.

C. Linguistic tolerance. D. Persistent planning.

47. The author’s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is .

A. disapproving B. approving C. noncommittal D. doubtful

48. At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that .

A. Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits

B. Danes take for granted what is given to them

C. the open system helps to tide the country over

D. orderliness has alleviated unemployment

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