2016年中科院考博英語真題9

Peler Eigen, 65-year-old, chairman of Transparency International, the global anti-corruption watchdog, is proud of a large photograph on his office wall. It pictures him alongside Mwai Kibaki, the Kenyan president, and James Wolfensohn, president of the World Bank.

The picture, taken shortly after Mr. Kibaki’s inauguration in January, shows the three men in friendly discussion at a meeting in Nairobi, the Kenyan capital. “This photo is very special because it shows how far Transparency International has come since we set it up 10 years ago，” says Mr. Eigen with a smile. Before leading a group of friends in 1993 to form TI in a one-room Berlin office, Mr. Eigen worked at the World Bank for 25 years. His final position was senior programme manager in east Africa, based in Nairobi. 71 “I was told that fighting corruption was not part of the bank’s mandate,” he says. This led him to leave Kenya and the bank and start campaigning.

The picture shows how things have come full circle. 72 About 60 people work in the head-quarters in west Berlin. TI’s annual Corruption Perceptions Index, ranking national corruption levels, has become a benchmark for many governments. 73 “This would have been unthinkable” a few

years ago, Mr. Eigen says.

A series of closed-door meetings in the mid-1990s in Berlin with chief executives from leading German multinationals laid the groundwork for international action. “ We moved the executives from being defensive to admitting that there was a big problem.
74 ，’ Ti’s solution was joint pressure from the companies on the government to sign the OECD convention against bribe-paying and, later, the signing of agreements between companies not to use bribery to win contracts.

75 Mr. Eigen argues that TPs approach, based on “building coalitions, not on confrontation,” has brought results.

A. TI now has a global reach in its information campaigns and lobbying work, supporting national groups in more than 100 countries.

B. Then came the important question: how do we stop bribing without losing business to companies that still do it?

C. One example is the German chapter of TI, which has more than 30 member companies, including Siemens, Lufthans, BASF and Daimler Chrysler.

D. There, he observed not only corruption in his dealings with the government of Danjel Arap Moi, president at the time, but also the unwillingness of the bank to do anything about it.

E. TI has been instrumental in putting corruption on the world agenda, including in the United Nations.

F. TTs approach of working closely with companies to combat corruption contrasts with the tactics of many other pressure groups.

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