?2019年廣東專插本考試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式的用法有兩方面的含義：

1.表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況

(1)must have +過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的肯定推測(cè)，譯為“(昨天)一定……”。如：

My pain must have been apparent the momentI walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are youfeeling all right?”

(2)can’t/couldn’t have +過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的否定推測(cè)，譯為“(昨天)一定沒(méi)……”。 如：

Mary couldn’t have received my letter;otherwise she would have replied before now.

(3)may/might have +過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推測(cè)，或事實(shí)上根本沒(méi)發(fā)生，譯為“也許……”。如：At FloridaPower’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive watermay have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.

2.表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣

(1)needn’t have+過(guò)去分詞，表示做了不必做的事，譯為“其實(shí)沒(méi)必要……”。如：

As it turned out to be a small house party,we needn’t have dressed up so formally.

(2)should /should not have +過(guò)去分詞，表示應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上未做，或本不應(yīng)該做但實(shí)際上做了, 譯為“本(不)應(yīng)該……”。如：I regrethaving left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything aheadcarefully.

(3)ought to have+過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作按理該發(fā)生了，但實(shí)際上未發(fā)生，譯為“該……”，與should的完成式含義類似。如：

The porter ought to have called thefire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.

(4)could have+過(guò)去分詞，表示過(guò)去本來(lái)可以做但卻未做，譯為“完全可以……”。如：

What you said is right, but you could havephrased it more tactfully.

(5)may/might have + 過(guò)去分詞，表示過(guò)去可以做但實(shí)際未做，譯為“(那樣)也許會(huì)……”。如：

It might have been better to include morepunchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assistfirst-time office automation managers.

3.幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?？嫉木湫?/strong>

(1)may/might (just) as well“不妨，最好”，與had better相近。如：

Since the flight was cancelled, you mightas well go by train.

(2)cannot/can’t…too… “越……越好，怎么也不過(guò)分”。注意這個(gè)句型的變體cannot…over…。如：

You cannot be too careful when you drive acar.

The final chapter covers organizationalchange and development. This subject cannot be overemphasized.

(3)usedn’t或didn’tuse to為used to (do)的否定式。

(4)should 除了“應(yīng)該”一層意思外，大綱還規(guī)定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：

I didn’t expect that he should have behavedlike that.

虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1.主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

(1)掌握主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的規(guī)范搭配：

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+do

were (不分人稱)/did

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反

would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+havedone

had done

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反

would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+do

should do / were to do

如：If the doctor had been available, thechild could not have died.

There is a real possibility that theseanimals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.

(2)區(qū)分主從句表示的不同時(shí)間概念：

主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間不同，這叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)調(diào)整。如：

Had it not been for the timely investmentfrom the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.

(3)識(shí)別事實(shí)和假設(shè)混合句：

Your math instructor would have been happyto give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parentswere ill at the time. (句子前半部分為假設(shè)情況，而“父母病了”是事實(shí))

I would have gone to visit him in thehospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole oflast week. (前半部分為假設(shè)，后半部分是事實(shí))

2.名詞性從句的虛擬形式

名詞性從句是指賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬。考生應(yīng)熟悉：

(1)下列動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，that賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：

desire, advise, recommend, command, direct,order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer,urge, vote。如：

In the past men generally preferred thattheir wives work in the home.

I move that he be discharged for hisserious mistake.

(2)下列形容詞和分詞做表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，that主語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：

advisable, desirable, insistent,preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative,important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised,arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended,requested, required, suggested。如：

The board deem it urgent that these filesshould be printed right away.

It is essential that all these figures bechecked twice.

(3)下列名詞接同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：

insistence, preference, recommendation,suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity,importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。如：

John Wagner’s most enduring contribution tothe study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in areligious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

They keep telling us it is of utmostimportance that our representative be sent to the conference on schedule.

3.含蓄虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式

含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣是指假設(shè)條件不通過(guò)if從句表達(dá)，而是暗含在其他結(jié)構(gòu)中?？忌鷳?yīng)熟悉：

(1)連詞but, but that,or, or else;副詞otherwise, unfortunately等表示轉(zhuǎn)折假設(shè)。如：

A safety analysis would have identified thetarget as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.

Victor obviously doesn’t know what’shappened; otherwise he wouldn’t have made such a stupid remark.

(2)介詞短語(yǔ)暗含假設(shè)條件，常用的有：without,but for, under more favorable conditions等。如：

But for the English examination I wouldhave gone to the concert last Sunday.

(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/plann或was/were +不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished

+不定式一般式暗示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Iintended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.

(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式暗示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Ishould have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.

4.常用虛擬形式的句型

(1)從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式表示虛擬的句型：

would rather would as soon as thoughsuppose…

had rather would sooner as if supposing…

If only… It is (high) time that…(從句中動(dòng)詞只用過(guò)去式)

如：His wife would rather they didn’t talkabout the matter any more.

I’d rather you went by train, because Ican’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.

If I were in a movie, then it would beabout time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.

My father always talks as though he wereaddressing a public meeting.

(2)If it were not for… (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)

If it had not been for… (與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反) 相當(dāng)于but for。如：

If it had not been for his help (= but forhis help), we would not have succeeded.

(3)If only…謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)男问?。如?/p>

If only the committee would approve theregulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

(4)lest/for fear that/in case 從句謂語(yǔ)用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形。如：

The mad man was put in the soft-padded celllest he injure himself.

(5)whether…or…有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，這種用法經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Church as we use the word refers to all religiousinstitutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

The business of each day, be it sellinggoods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.