2020年學(xué)位英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣

動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法、比較等級(jí)形式及其示例：

I.要點(diǎn)

表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語(yǔ)中。

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成

情景條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be要用were)should

+動(dòng)詞原形

would

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞should

+have+過(guò)去分詞

would

與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反1、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)

2、should+動(dòng)詞原形

3、were to+動(dòng)詞原形should

+動(dòng)詞原形

would

注：如果條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或had,should,could有時(shí)可將if省去,但要倒裝。如：

Had you(If you had)invited us,we would have come to your party.

2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用

（1）在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語(yǔ)形式是"should(可省)+動(dòng)詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。

句型一：It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that…

句型二：It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc)that…

句型三：It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that…

如：It is strange that he(should)have done that.

It is a pity that he(should)be so careless.

It is requested that we（should）be so careless.

（2）在賓語(yǔ)從句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：

I suggest that we(should)go swimming.

（3）在表語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：

His suggestion is that we(should)leave at once.

（4）在同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：

We received order that the work be done at once.

（5）在It is time that…句型中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是"動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式"或

"should+動(dòng)詞原形",should不可省。如：It's time(that)we went(should go)to school.

II.例題

例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.

A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

解析：該題正確答案為D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動(dòng)詞還有think,expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

例2"Mary wants to see you today".

"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

A comes B came C should come D will come

解析：該題正確答案為B。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)表示。www.examw.com

例3 Had she been older,she ____ it better.

A had done B might have done C might do D would do

解析：Had she been older=If she had been old.故該題正確答案為B。