2019年P(guān)ETS-3沖刺模擬試題第八套

閱讀A:

We've already pushed the world oceans close to-and in some cases,past-their natural limits,according to a recently released report on the state of our oceans by the World Watch Institute.

The increasing number of citizen groups,business and governments taking an active interest in slowing down the destruction and pollution of the ocean is encouraging,says senior researcher and author Anne platt Mcginn,citing a host of efforts already under way:1.Unilever,which controls 20 percent of the whitefish market in Europe and US,has agreed to buy only fish caught and produced in an environmentally sustainable manner.2.Volunteers in the philippines,Thailand,India,and Ecuador are replanting mangrove areas to repair earlier damage from shrimp farming.3.In northern Sulawesia,citizens have cleared coral reefs of harmful invasive species.4.The United States and Canada have each banned oil drilling on large portions of their continental shelves.

0n the downside,Safeguarding the Health of oceans says that seven out of ten commercial fish species are fully or overexploited and even worse,many of their spawning grounds have been cleared to make room for shrimp ponds,golf courses and beach resorts.Habitat degradation,resulting from development,agricultural run off,sewage pollution and destructive fishing practices has led to a tripling in the number of poisonous algal species identified by scientists,increasing fish kills,beach closures,and economic losses.

The impact on the economy is significant.people obtain an average of 16 percent of their animal protein from fish,and people in developing countries are extremely dependent on reef fisheries for both food and income.Tourism accounts for a large piece of coastlines and medicines are being found in reef ecosystems every day.Even toothpaste and ice cream depend on the gel-forming properties of brown algae.

The problems facing the oceans are legion:the marine conversation community is fragmented,bans on destructive activities are routinely ignored,too many regulatory organizations have a development-first mindset and enforcement and oversight are ineffective,if not altogether lacking.oceans need to be protected locally,nationally,and internationally,according to McGinn.Right now,the United Nations General Assembly spends just one day a year covering issues that affect more than half of the planet.The report suggests that a tax of one tenth of one percent on industrial and recreational ocean activities would generate$500 million a year,more than five times and the annual budgets the International Maritime organization and the Fisheries Department of the UN Food and Agriculture organization.

However,the most productive areas of the ocean are under national jurisdiction and 80 percent of oceanic pollution originates on land.This means that addressing global marine issues requires strong national and local policies.problems remain far from resolved.

1、We can infer form the passage that.

A.problems at the international level continue to be difficult to resolve.

B.all countries are going to impose taxes on fishers and tourists.

C.the UN General Assembly has made strong policies with regard to oceanic protection.

D.the problems facing the oceans have already aroused sufficient attention.

參考答案：A

參考解析：這篇文章實際上要通過一系列海洋破壞引起的后果給人們敲響環(huán)境保護(hù)的警鐘。文章在談到環(huán)境保護(hù)的問題時稱：這一問題還有待解決。由于海洋的多數(shù)富饒區(qū)都處在各個的管轄內(nèi)，并且80%的海洋污染來源于陸地，所以我們可以由此推斷：國際級的環(huán)境問題仍然很難解決。B在捕魚和觀光中征稅還是一個建議，文章沒有告訴我們是否有會采納這一建議。C聯(lián)合國某機構(gòu)一年只花一天時間討論這一問題，可見他們對海洋保護(hù)不夠重視，文章也沒有告訴我們聯(lián)合國是否已經(jīng)采取了有力的措施來保護(hù)海洋。D從文章展示給我們的世界各國的海洋保護(hù)的現(xiàn)狀來看，海洋問題并沒有引起人們足夠的重視。

2、The word sustainable in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.

A.maintainable

B.reasonable

C.understandable

D.respectable

參考答案：A

參考解析：第二段有這樣一段話：——buy only fish caught and produced in an environmentally sustainable manner.即只購買那些環(huán)境上sustainable的地區(qū)捕獲和生產(chǎn)的魚類。據(jù)此可以推斷，此處的sustainable指可持續(xù)發(fā)展的。與之相近的詞是maintainable

3、What will happen if an organization takes a development-first attitude in environmental context?

A.It will take strong measures to prevent oceans from being further polluted.

B.It is going to exploit the oceanic resources first regardless of environmental protection.

C.It will not ignore bans on destructive activities.

D.It will not place development above other factors.

參考答案：B

參考解析：文章的第五段指出：那些對環(huán)境問題持有發(fā)展優(yōu)先態(tài)度的組織忽略了禁止破壞性捕撈這一規(guī)定。由此可以推斷，他們將無視環(huán)境保護(hù)問題，把海洋資源的開發(fā)放在第一位。

4、Which of the following statements is not the result of destructive fishing practices?

A.Seventy-percent commercial fish species are over exploited.

B.Many of fishes'spawning grounds have been destroyed.

C.Economic losses are on the increase.

D.Each country has already taken measures to destructive activities.

參考答案：D

參考解析：從第三段我們可以看出：70%的商業(yè)魚種被過分捕撈；許多魚類的產(chǎn)卵地被清理掉，以給蝦池滕出地方；破壞性捕撈還使經(jīng)濟損失進(jìn)一步增加。所以，A，B，C都是破壞性捕撈行為的結(jié)果。通過全文，我們可以看到，只有一些采取了措施禁止破壞性捕撈，并不是每個都采取了措施。

5、What's the probable relationship between mangrove growing and shrimp farming in the philippines?

A.The growth of mangroves kept shrimps from reproducing.

B.Large areas of mangroves were damaged because of shrimp farming.

C.Mangroves helped shrimps grow fast.

D.Shrimp farming gave rise to rapid growth of mangroves.

參考答案：B

參考解析：第二段告訴我們菲律賓的紅樹生長與蝦養(yǎng)殖的關(guān)系。文中說：志愿者重新種植紅樹，以修復(fù)早期蝦養(yǎng)殖引起的破壞?？梢?，蝦養(yǎng)殖破壞了紅樹的生長。

閱讀B:

Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income.This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment,so it includes employees and the self-employed.Labor is one of the country's resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services required by the community..

Though the size of the workforce relies greatly on the size of the total population,there are several other aspects which also affect it.The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce.If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work,then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution.If the population grows rapidly from natural increase,i.e.the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths,then as a total population increases,the proportion in the workforce declines.

Sometimes a population is described as aging,which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly,and as people retire from the workforce,there are inadequate numbers of young people entering it to take place of those who are leaving it.The population is top-heavy with older people.So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.'

The age distribution of the population has several important influences on the economy.If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce,this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group.If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels,finance must be available for that purpose.If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population,then the government tax receipts are relatively low and either the govemment has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.

1、The population which is top-heavy with older people poses a problem to _____.

A.the government

B.the economy

C.the workforce

D.all of the above

參考答案：D

參考解析：由末段可知old people過分增加，會給三方面造成影響：the govemment，the economy以及the workforce.

2、Labor force is composed of _____.

A.people who are available to work and earn income

B.self-employed people only

C.only those who are looking for an employment

D.only the employees

參考答案：A

參考解析：由文中首句對labor force的定義可知選A.

3、The conclusion which can be drawn safely from the second paragraph is that _____.

A.a population growth from natural increase leads to a greater proportion of the work-force

B.a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce

C.the larger the number of the aged in a population,the higher the proportion of the workforce

D.if the population has an evenly spreaded age distribution,the workforce will be lower

參考答案：B

參考解析：第二段主要論述age disrribution對于勞動力規(guī)模的影響。

4、The factor which does NOT influence the size of the worldorce is _____.

A.the size of population

B.age distribution of the population

C.national economy

D.natural increase

參考答案：C

參考解析：由第二、三段可知影響勞動力規(guī)模的因素有the size of population，age distribution of the population以及natural increase.

5、When a population is said to be aging,_____.

A.more people are retiring than people entering the workforce

B.the birth rate is growing'

C.there is an oversupply of workforce

D.young people outnumber old people

參考答案：A

參考解析：見第三段的第一句話。

閱讀C：

Most of you would probably say that what makes you truly happy is your family and the love you share in your relationships,and I couldn't agree more.But money comes into play in those relationships.

When I talk about money this way to a group,there is always someone who comes up to me and says,"Suze,you are so wrong.Money isn't the key to life—this is!"At which point their wallet flies open and they show me a photo of their family.

That's when things get interesting,because I start asking them questions:Did you take that photo with your own camera?It looks like a beautiful beach,was the photo taken on a family vacation?Do you hope to help those beautiful boys and girls go to college?

As their answers are"yes",I ask them how they provide all of that for their family.That's when they understand that I had it right.

I totally agree that family and friends are of great importance to our well being;without meaningful relationships,there's no chance of ever being truly happy.That's why,every Saturday night,I end my CNBC show with the following words:"People first.Then money.Then things."

How we deal with the money we have also plays into our happiness.Over the past few decades（十年）,the percentage of Americans who say they're happy hasn't changed much,while at the same time the average income has doubled.So we have more money,but we're not much happier on average.

A paradox(悖論)?Far from it.My sense is that while we're making more money,we arent't making more of the money we make.We have to pay for a lot of things,and we have to worry about saving for retirement（退休）in a way that our parents and grandparents never did.And as many of you know,it's really hard to increase your happiness when you've got a lot of money worries.

Do you agree,or am I way off base?I'd love to know what do you think about the money/happiness connection.

1.Why do people often show the author their family photos?

A.They hope to show money is very important.

B.They want to prove they can afford a holiday.

C.They think a good family makes them truly happy.

D.They believe a happy person considers people first.

參考答案：C

參考解析：題干的意思為“為什么人們通常會把自己的全家福給作者看，”該題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章意思可以得知，這些人是想反駁作者的觀點，證明家人是幸福的源泉。

2.Why did the authur ask the group questions in Paragraph 3?

A.To persuade them to save for the future.'

B.To ask for advice on holidays abroad.

C.To know more about each person.

D.To show them what he meant.

參考答案：D

參考解析：題干的意思為“為什么作者問那些人第三段的問題？”該題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。作者是想證明自己的觀點，通過問問題明晰自己的觀點。

3.Which of the following arguments does the author want to make?

A.Money is all that matters in our life.

B.The richer we are,the happier we'll be.

C.Money makes a difference to the quality of our lives.

D.True happiness is achievable from good relationships.

參考答案：C

參考解析：題干的意思為“以下哪句話是作者想表達(dá)的觀點？”該題屬于推理題。本題沒有原文，但是作者的觀點非常明晰，錢在個人幸福中地位非常重要，可以改善我們的生活質(zhì)量。

4.What does the underlined words"off base"in the last paragraph most probably mean?

A.mistaken

B.unprepared

C.unnecessary

D.misunderstood

參考答案：A

參考解析：題干的意思為“最后一段下劃線詞'off base'最可能是什么意思？”該題屬于推理題。從文章的句意理解來看，應(yīng)該是錯誤的意思。

閱讀D：

To get a sense of bow women have progressed in science,take a quick tour of the physics department at the University of California,Berkeley.This is a storied place,the 1 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science-starting with Ernest Lawrence s invention of the cyclotron in 1931.A generation ago,female faces were 2 and,even

today,visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 3 the many distinguished physicists who made history here,4 all of them white males.5 display.There,among the photos

But climb up to the third floor and you'11 see a are portraits of the 6 head of the department,of current faculty members and students,whose research 7 everything from the mechanics Marjorie Shapiro,and four other women of the universe to the smallest particles of matter.A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago.Although they're still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty,women are clearly a presence here.And the real 8 may be in the smaller photos to the right:graduate and undergraduate students,about 9——0 percent of them female.Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country's top universities.That makes Shapiro optimistic,but also 9."I believe things are getting better,"she says,"but they're not getting better as to 10--as I would like."

A.circumstance

B.confidence

C.covers

D.current

E.deals

F.different

G.exposing

H.fast

I.honoring

j.hope

K.presently

L.rare

M.realistic

N.site

O.virtually

答案及解析

1.N.參考解析空格前面是定冠詞the，后面是介詞of，故本空應(yīng)填人名詞，根據(jù)空格前的a storied place和句意可知，此處所填詞應(yīng)該是place的同義詞，故從選項的一系列名詞中選定N項site（場所；地點）。

2.L.參考解析所填詞位于句子的表語位置，因此此空應(yīng)填入形容詞或者名詞作表語。根據(jù)句意“在上一代的時候，女性的面孔還是______.”可知，L項rare（罕見的）最合適。根據(jù)and后面分句中的and of them white males可進(jìn)一步確定，女性面孔在上一代人中間比較罕見。

3.I.參考解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，______the many distinguished physicists who...應(yīng)該是對exhibits的修飾，說明是什么樣的展覽，所以空格處應(yīng)填入分詞作后置定語，G項exposing和I項honoring合適。展覽的目的應(yīng)該是紀(jì)念著名的物理學(xué)家，所以選I項honoring（向…表示敬意）。

4.O.參考解析空格前的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后是all of them white males，由此可以推斷空格處應(yīng)填人副詞，結(jié)合上下文可知，這里說的是女性物理學(xué)家人數(shù)少，男性人數(shù)多，再結(jié)合備選項可知virtually（幾乎，差不多）符合句意。

5.F.參考解析根據(jù)空格前的不定冠詞a和空格后的名詞display可知，此處應(yīng)填人一個形容詞。根據(jù)句意“但來到三樓，你會看見一個展覽?！笨芍現(xiàn)項different（不同的）最合適。句首的but提示本句與上文所述內(nèi)容是不一樣的，故本題選F.

6.D.參考解析根據(jù)空前的me以及空后的head可知，空格處缺少形容詞，因此D項current，H項fast和M項realistic符合。除D項current外，其他兩項顯然不能修飾head of the department（系主任），而且current與本句前面出現(xiàn)的current是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，說明在職教職員工和學(xué)生的照片中有現(xiàn)任系主任梅杰里·夏皮羅的肖像。

7.C.參考解析空格前是whose research，空格后是everything from...to...，空格處應(yīng)填入及物動詞，作whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句的謂語。結(jié)合備選動詞可知covers（包含）符合句意。

8.J.參考解析空格所在處在句中作主語，根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the和形容詞real可知，此處應(yīng)填入一個名詞。根據(jù)句意“真正的也許在于右邊那些研究生和本科生的比較小的照片：其中大約20%是女性?！笨芍?，J項hope（被寄予希望的人）符合句意。

9.M.參考解析but提示所填詞與0ptimistic平行并列，剩余選項中恰好M項realistic（現(xiàn)實的）符合，意思是：夏皮羅感到很樂觀，同時也很現(xiàn)實。

10.H.參考解析空格前是not getting better as，空格后是as l wouldlike，可知此空格處應(yīng)填入副詞。上文提到，她的態(tài)度既樂觀又現(xiàn)實，所以她認(rèn)為情況正在改善，但改善的速度不會像她希望的那么______.結(jié)合備選副詞可知H項fast（快速地）最合適。

寫作：

據(jù)一些調(diào)查由完成的，大約有1.53億文盲和半文盲在中國。其文盲率在西部地區(qū)比全國平均水平高得多，它更是高達(dá)40%.房價為的總?cè)丝谝堰_(dá)14%.寫一篇約120字的文章，說明你對這個問題，現(xiàn)在中國面臨的見解。

According to some surveys done by the Ministry of Education,there are about 153 million illiterates and semi-illiterates in China.Its illiteracy rate in the western region is much higher than the country's average level and it is as high as 40 percent.The rate for the country's whole population stands at 14 percent.Write an essay of about 120 words,stating your opinion about this issue now confronting China.

參考范文：

The task of educating a huge population can be challenging to any country.Though China has shown great concern and done much in education,and in eliminating illiteracy,it still has 153 million illiterate and semi-illiterate citizens,according to some statistics issued by the Ministry of Education.So,in my opinion,raising China's education level,to a large extent,depends on greater educational achievement in its vast western region and some other backward areas.

In the past decade,China has moved to combat illiteracy and promote nine years of compulsory schooling,especially in poor areas and areas inhabited by minorities,and has achieved a great success,but it seems a difficult task in regions where educational opportunities are limited.However,we should set a target that,by 2010,nine-year compulsory schooling should be realized and the illiteracy rate among young and middle-aged adults should be reduced to the minimum.Only in this way can China raise its national educational level.

參考譯文：

教育人口眾多的任務(wù)是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的任何。雖然中國已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出極大的關(guān)注和做了很多教育，并在消除文盲，它仍然有1.53億文盲，半文盲的公民，根據(jù)頒布的一些統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。所以，在我看來，中國提高的教育水平，在很大程度上，取決于更大的教育成果在廣大西部地區(qū)和其他一些落后的地區(qū)。

在過去的十年中，中國已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到掃盲，促進(jìn)九年義務(wù)教育的學(xué)校教育，尤其是貧困地區(qū)和少數(shù)民族地區(qū)，并取得了巨大的成功，但它似乎在地區(qū)一項艱巨的任務(wù)，其中教育的機會是有限的。但是，我們應(yīng)該設(shè)定，到2010年，九年義務(wù)教育應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到，在青年和中年的成年人文盲率的目標(biāo)應(yīng)減少到最低限度。只有這樣，才能提高中國的國民教育水平。