摘要:英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)始于單詞,考研英語(yǔ)大綱當(dāng)中也要求考生至少要熟練掌握5500左右的單詞數(shù)量。以下是希賽網(wǎng)整理的考研英語(yǔ)詞匯(六十一),希望能對(duì)各位考生有所幫助。
考生們多記單詞不僅能幫助自己理解文章,還能在寫(xiě)作時(shí)豐富內(nèi)容。希賽網(wǎng)整理了考研英語(yǔ)常用詞匯(六十一),供各位研考生查看參考。更多考研英語(yǔ)詞匯內(nèi)容,點(diǎn)擊考研英語(yǔ)常用詞匯匯總進(jìn)行查看。
高頻詞:
1. establish [??st?bl??] v.
v. 建立,創(chuàng)立;確立;獲得接受;查實(shí),證實(shí)
常用搭配:establish sb./sth./yourself (in sth.) (as sth.) 確立;使立足;使穩(wěn)固
例句:The new treaty establishes a free trade zone.
新條約設(shè)立了自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。
He has just set up his own business but it will take him a while to get established.
他剛建立起自己的公司,但要站穩(wěn)腳跟還得花上一段時(shí)間。
The school has established a successful relationship with the local community.
這所學(xué)校與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)建立了良好的關(guān)系。
Traditions get established over time.
傳統(tǒng)是隨著時(shí)間的推移而得到認(rèn)可的。
It has since been established that the horse was drugged.
此后便證實(shí)馬被注射了麻醉藥
拓展:
同:build, construct, erect, establish, found, set up
派:established 確定的;已制定的,已建立的
establishment 確立,制定;公司;設(shè)施
2. establishment [??st?bl??m?nt] n.
n. 確立,制定;公司;設(shè)施
構(gòu)詞:establish 建立 + ment 行為或結(jié)果 → 建立
常用搭配:the medical/military/political, etc. establishment 醫(yī)學(xué)界、軍界、政界等當(dāng)權(quán)派
例句:The hotel is a comfortable and well-run establishment.
這家旅館環(huán)境舒適且經(jīng)營(yíng)良好。
The speaker announced the establishment of a new college.
發(fā)言人宣布了新學(xué)院的成立。
Shopkeepers would once have been pillars of the Tory establishment.
商店店主一度本該成為保守黨統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)的重要支柱。
拓展:
同:corporation, facility, company, firm
派:established 確定的;已制定的,已建立的
establish 建立;創(chuàng)辦;安置
3. estimate [?est?m?t , ?est?me?t] n./v.
n. 估計(jì),估價(jià);判斷,看法
v. 估計(jì),估量;判斷,評(píng)價(jià)
構(gòu)詞:estim 價(jià)值 + ate 表動(dòng)詞 → 估計(jì),估量
常用搭配:estimate for 對(duì)……估價(jià)、估計(jì)
estimate at 估計(jì)……,估計(jì)有……
cost estimate 成本估算,成本估計(jì)
例句:I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.
我可以粗略估計(jì)一下你所需要的木材量。
At least 5 000 people were killed, and that’s a conservative estimate.
至少5 000人喪生,這還是個(gè)保守的估計(jì)。
拓展:
同:evaluate, guess at; computation, appraisal, assessment, evaluation; measure, value
派:estimable 可估計(jì)的;可尊敬的;有價(jià)值的
estimation 估計(jì);尊重
4. evidence [?ev?d?ns] n./v.
n. 根據(jù);證明;證據(jù);(法庭上的)證據(jù),證詞,人證,物證
v. 證明;表明;作為……的證據(jù)
構(gòu)詞:e 出 + vid 看 + ence 性質(zhì),狀態(tài) → 證據(jù)
常用搭配:evidence (of/for sth.) / evidence (that...) / evidence (to suggest, show, etc.) 根據(jù);證明;證據(jù)
(be) in evidence 顯眼;顯而易見(jiàn)
例句:There is not a shred of evidence that the meeting actually took place.
沒(méi)有絲毫證據(jù)表明這個(gè)會(huì)議確已舉行。
On the evidence of their recent matches, it is unlikely the Spanish team will win the cup.
從西班牙隊(duì)最近的比賽情況看,他們不太可能奪冠。
I was asked to give evidence at the trial.
我被要求出庭作證。
The police were much in evidence at today’s demonstration.
在今天的示威集會(huì)上警察隨處可見(jiàn)。
拓展:
同:authentication, certification, demonstration, proof; demonstrate, prove, bear witness to
派:evident 明顯的;明白的
evidentiary 證據(jù)的
evidential 證據(jù)的;基于證據(jù)的;提供證據(jù)的;可作證據(jù)的
evidently 顯然,明顯地;清楚地
5. evolution [?i?v??lu??n] n.
n. 演變;進(jìn)化論;進(jìn)展
構(gòu)詞:e 出 + volu 卷,轉(zhuǎn) + tion 表名詞 → 進(jìn)化
例句:In politics Britain has preferred evolution to revolution.
英國(guó)在政治上喜歡漸進(jìn)而不喜歡革命。
Darwin eventually put forward a model of biological evolution.
達(dá)爾文最終提出了一套生物進(jìn)化的理論模式。
拓展:
同:unfolding, Monkey to Man
派:evolutionary 進(jìn)化的;發(fā)展的;漸進(jìn)的
evolutionism 進(jìn)化論的
evolutionist 進(jìn)化論的
evolutionism 進(jìn)化論
evolutionist 進(jìn)化論者
evolve 發(fā)展,進(jìn)展;進(jìn)化;逐步形成
低頻詞:
1. director [d??rekt?(r)] n.
n. 董事,理事,經(jīng)理;負(fù)責(zé)人,主任,經(jīng)理,院長(zhǎng);導(dǎo)演
例句:The new director has really got things moving.
新來(lái)的主任確實(shí)使事情有了進(jìn)展。
The director took us through the play scene by scene.
導(dǎo)演一幕一幕地給我們說(shuō)戲。
2. directory [d??rekt?ri] n.
n. 名錄,電話(huà)號(hào)碼簿,公司名錄;目錄
構(gòu)詞:direct 指導(dǎo) + ory 物 → 電話(huà)目錄
例句:This command deletes files from the directory.
這一指令把文檔從目錄中刪除。
We scoured the telephone directory for clues.
我們仔細(xì)查閱電話(huà)簿以尋找線(xiàn)索。
拓展:
同:catalogue, brochure, index
3. dirt [d??t] n.
n. 污物,塵土,爛泥;松土,泥土,散土;丑聞,流言飛語(yǔ)
例句:His clothes were covered in dirt.
他的衣服沾滿(mǎn)了污垢。
Dirt had collected in the corners of the room.
房間的角落里積滿(mǎn)了灰塵。
拓展:
同:earth, dust, clay, powder
派:dirty 下流的,卑鄙的;污穢的;惡劣的;暗淡的
dirtily 齷齪地;下賤地
dirtiness 骯臟;污穢
dirty 變臟,弄臟
4. dirty [?d??ti] adj./v.
adj. 骯臟的,齷齪的,污穢的;下流的,色情的,黃色的,猥褻的;令人厭惡的,卑鄙的,不誠(chéng)實(shí)的;不鮮明的,暗淡的;吸毒的
v. 弄臟,使變臟
常用搭配:do the dirty on sb. 欺騙;出賣(mài);虧待
get your hands dirty 做體力工作;體力勞動(dòng)
dirty great/big 非常大的;很大的
例句:I’d never do the dirty on my friends.
我決不出賣(mài)朋友。
I dirty my trousers when I step on the mud.
我一腳擩在爛泥里,把褲子弄臟了。
拓展:
同:dusty, foul, poor, mean, blue, base, gross; soil, mud, spot
派:dirtily 齷齪地;下賤地
dirt 污垢,泥土;灰塵,塵土;下流話(huà)
dirtiness 骯臟;污穢
5. disable [d?s?e?bl] v.
v. 使喪失能力,使傷殘;使無(wú)效,使不能運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
構(gòu)詞:dis 除去;剝奪 + able 能 → 剝奪能力 →〔使〕喪失能力
例句:There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students.
為殘疾學(xué)生提供的服務(wù)不夠。
The burglars gained entry to the building after disabling the alarm.
竊賊破壞報(bào)警器后便得以進(jìn)入大樓。
拓展:
派:disabled 殘廢的,有缺陷的
disablement 殘廢;無(wú)資格;損壞
6. disappoint [?d?s??p??nt] v.
v. 使失望;使破滅,使落空
構(gòu)詞:dis 不 + appoint 指派 → 不〔被〕指派 → 使失望
例句:His latest novel does not disappoint.
他最近發(fā)表的這部小說(shuō)沒(méi)有使人失望。
The new government had soon disappointed the hopes of many of its supporters.
新政府不久便使許多支持者的希望破滅了。
拓展:
派:disappointed 失望的,沮喪的;受挫折的
disappointing 令人失望的;令人掃興的
disappointedly 失望地
disappointingly 令人失望地
disappointment 失望;沮喪
7. disastrous [d??zɑ?str?s] adj.
adj. 極糟糕的;災(zāi)難性的;完全失敗的
例句:Last year’s figures were little short of disastrous.
去年的數(shù)字簡(jiǎn)直是災(zāi)難。
Lowering interest rates could have disastrous consequences for the economy.
降低利率可能給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)災(zāi)難性后果。
拓展:
同:sinister, sorrowful
派:disastrously 悲慘地
8. disk [d?sk] n.
n. 磁盤(pán);磁碟
例句:Every file on the same disk must have a different name.
同一磁盤(pán)上的每一個(gè)文件都必須有不同的文件名。
Always make a backup disk as an insurance policy.
為保險(xiǎn)起見(jiàn),每次都要做備份磁盤(pán)。
9. discern [d??s??n] v.
v. 覺(jué)察出,識(shí)別,了解;(依稀)看出,分辨出,聽(tīng)出
構(gòu)詞:dis 完全地;加強(qiáng) + cern 搞清楚,區(qū)別 → 識(shí)別
例句:It is often difficult to discern how widespread public support is.
了解公眾支持的廣泛程度常常是困難的。
We could just discern the house in the distance.
我們只能勉強(qiáng)分辨出遠(yuǎn)處的房子。
拓展:
同:detect, recognize, identify
派:discernible 可辨別的;可識(shí)別的
discerning 有辨識(shí)能力的;眼光敏銳的
discernable 可辨別的;可認(rèn)識(shí)的
discernment 識(shí)別;洞察力;敏銳;眼力
10. disclose [d?s?kl??z] v.
v. 揭露,透露,泄露;使顯露,使暴露
構(gòu)詞:dis 不,沒(méi)有 + clos 關(guān)閉 + e → 揭發(fā);泄露
常用搭配:disclose sth. (to sb.) 揭露,透露,泄露
例句:The report discloses that human error was to blame for the accident.
報(bào)告披露這次事故是人為原因造成的。
The door swung open, disclosing a long dark passage.
門(mén)開(kāi)了,露出一條昏暗的長(zhǎng)通道。
拓展:
同:expose, reveal
派:disclosure [審計(jì)] 披露;揭發(fā);被揭發(fā)出來(lái)的事情
11. discount [?d?ska?nt , d?s?ka?nt] n./v.
n. 折扣
v. 認(rèn)為……不重要,對(duì)……不全信,低估;打折扣,打折出售
常用搭配:discount on/off sth. 折扣
discount sth. as sth. 認(rèn)為……不重要,對(duì)……不全信,低估
例句:Full-time staff get a 20 per cent discount.
全職員工享受20%的折扣。
We cannot discount the possibility of further strikes.
我們不能低估再次發(fā)生罷工的可能性。
拓展:
同:agio, rabato
派:discounter 折扣商店;廉價(jià)商店
12. discourage [d?s?k?r?d?] v.
v. 阻攔,阻止,勸阻;使灰心,使泄氣,使喪失信心
構(gòu)詞:dis 除去;剝奪 + courage 勇氣 → 使失去勇氣
常用搭配:discourage sth./discourage sb. from doing sth.
阻攔,阻止,勸阻;使灰心,使泄氣,使喪失信心
例句:His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor..
他的父母試圖阻止他去當(dāng)演員。
The weather discouraged people from attending.
這天氣使得人們不愿意出席。
拓展:
同:daunt, stem, block, dispute, prohibit
派:discouraged 氣餒的
discouraging 使人沮喪的;令人氣餒的
discouragingly 使人氣餒地,使人沮喪地;阻止地
discouragement 氣餒;挫折;勸阻
13. discourse [?d?sk??s , d?s?k??s] n./v.
n. 論文,演講;語(yǔ)篇,話(huà)語(yǔ)
v. 講述,論述
常用搭配:discourse on/upon sth. 講述,論述
例句:He was hoping for some lively political discourse at the meeting.
他希望在會(huì)上聽(tīng)到些生動(dòng)的政治演講。
He discoursed for several hours on French and English prose.
他花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)講述法國(guó)和英國(guó)的散文。
拓展:
同:speech, talk, address, lecture, treatise; orate, speechify
14. discover [d??sk?v?(r)] v.
v. 發(fā)現(xiàn);找到,發(fā)覺(jué);了解到,認(rèn)識(shí)到,查明;發(fā)現(xiàn)(人才)
構(gòu)詞:dis 除去 + cover 遮,蓋;蓋子 → 除去覆蓋物 → 發(fā)現(xiàn)
例句:Cook is credited with discovering Hawaii.
人們把發(fā)現(xiàn)夏威夷的功勞歸于庫(kù)克。
We never did discover why she gave up her job.
我們一直弄不清楚她為什么辭職。
拓展:
同:uncover, detect
派:discoverable 發(fā)現(xiàn)的;顯露的;泄露的
discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺(jué);被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物
discoverer 發(fā)現(xiàn)者
15. discovery [d??sk?v?ri] n.
n. 發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺(jué);被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物(或真相、人)
構(gòu)詞:discover 發(fā)現(xiàn) + y 行為 → 發(fā)現(xiàn)
例句:Researchers in this field have made some important new discoveries.
這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究人員有了一些重大的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。
The drug is not a new discovery -- it’s been known about for years.
這種藥并不是什么新發(fā)現(xiàn)——多年前便為人所知。
拓展:
同:detection, occurrence, find
派:discoverable 發(fā)現(xiàn)的;顯露的;泄露的
discoverer 發(fā)現(xiàn)者
discover 發(fā)現(xiàn);發(fā)覺(jué)
16. discreet [d??skri?t] adj.
adj. 謹(jǐn)慎的,慎重的,考慮周到的
例句:You ought to make a few discreet enquiries before you sign anything.
你應(yīng)該審慎地詢(xún)問(wèn)清楚再簽字。
The two journalists followed at a discreet distance.
那兩個(gè)記者謹(jǐn)慎地保持距離跟在后面。
拓展:
同:careful, cautious, prudent, wary
派:discreetly 謹(jǐn)慎地;小心地
discreetness 謹(jǐn)慎;用心深遠(yuǎn)
17. discrepancy [d?s?krep?nsi] n.
n. 差異;不符合;不一致
常用搭配:discrepancy in sth./ discrepancy between A and B 差異;不符合;不一致
例句:At other times the discrepancy was of the order of 20%.
往常的出入約為20%。
There was considerable discrepancy between the two accounts of the battle.
兩份關(guān)于那次戰(zhàn)役的報(bào)道大有出入。
拓展:
同:conflict, unconformity
派:discrepant 有差異的;相差的;矛盾的
18. discrete [d??skri?t] adj.
adj. 分離的;互不相連的;各別的
構(gòu)詞:dis 加強(qiáng) + cret 搞清;區(qū)別 + e → 加以區(qū)別 → 不同的
例句:The organisms can be divided into discrete categories.
有機(jī)體可分為許多互不相聯(lián)的種類(lèi)。
Social structures are not discrete objects; they overlap and interweave.
社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)之間不是離散的,他們相互重疊交織。
拓展:
同:uncontinuous, incontinuous
派:discretion 自由裁量權(quán);謹(jǐn)慎;判斷力;判定;考慮周到
discreteness 組件;不連續(xù)性(目標(biāo)對(duì)于背景的顯明度)
19. discretion [d??skre?n] n.
n. 自行決定的自由,自行決定權(quán);謹(jǐn)慎,慎重,審慎
構(gòu)詞:dis 加強(qiáng) + cret 搞清;區(qū)別 + ion 表狀態(tài) → 一再搞清楚 → 謹(jǐn)慎
常用搭配:at sb.’s discretion 由某人斟酌決定;按照某人的意見(jiàn)
例句:There is no service charge and tipping is at your discretion.
不收服務(wù)費(fèi),給不給小費(fèi)由你自行決定。
This is confidential, but I know that I can rely on your discretion.
這是機(jī)密,不過(guò)我知道你靠得住。
拓展:
同:freedom, liberty
20. discriminate [d??skr?m?ne?t] v.
v. 區(qū)別,辨別,區(qū)分;區(qū)別對(duì)待,歧視,偏袒
構(gòu)詞:dis 加強(qiáng) + crimin 搞清;區(qū)別 + ate 表動(dòng)詞 → 區(qū)分〔對(duì)待〕→ 區(qū)別;歧視
常用搭配:discriminate between A and B/ discriminate A from B 區(qū)別,辨別,區(qū)分
discriminate against sb./ discriminate in favour of sb. 區(qū)別對(duì)待,歧視,偏袒
例句:A number of features discriminate this species from others.
有許多特征使這一物種與其他物種區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。
It is illegal to discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion.
因種族、性別或宗教信仰而有所歧視是非法的。
拓展:
派:discriminatory 有辨識(shí)力的;差別對(duì)待的
discriminating 識(shí)別的;有差別的;有識(shí)別力的
discriminative 區(qū)別的,歧視的;有識(shí)別力的
discriminable 可辨別的;可分別的
discrimination 歧視;區(qū)別,辨別;識(shí)別力
discriminator [電子] 鑒別器;辨別者
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