2024考研英語二真題及答案（考后更新）

1.英語（二）考研真題 

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B. C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

You social life is defined as the activities you do with other people, for pleasure,when you are not working. It's important to have a social life, but what's right for one person won't be right for another. Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others, _1_some of us may feel drained, even if it's doing something we enjoy.

This is why finding a _2_ in your social life is key. Spending too much time on your own, not _3_ others, can make you feel lonely and _4_ Loneliness is known to impart on your mental health and _5_ a low mood. Anyone can feel lonely at any time. This might be especially true if,_6_  you are working from home and you are_7_on the usual social conversations that happen in an office. Other life changes can _8_ periods of loneliness too, such as retirement changing jobs or becoming a parent.

It's important to recognize these feelings of loneliness .There are ways to _9_ a social life, but it can feel overwhelming _10_ . It's a great ideal to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy. You can them find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet _11_ people.

There are groups aimed at new parents.at those who want to _12_ a new sport for the first time,or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and _13_ ideas.

On the other hand, it's _14_ possible to have too much of a social life. If you feel like you're always doing something and there is never any _15_. in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much. Low mood, low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be _17_ of poor social health. Make sure you _18_ some time in your diary when you're _19_ for socialising and use this time to relax _20_ and recover.

1. A. because   B. unless   C. whereas   D.until

2. A. contrast   B. balance   C. link   D.gap

3. A. seeing   B. pleasing   C. judging   D.teaching

4. A. misguided   B. surprised   C. spoiled   D. disconnected

5. A. contribute to   B.rely on   C.interfere with   D.go against

6. A. in fact   B. of course   C. for example   D. on average

7. A. cutting back   B. missing out   C. breaking in   D. looking down

8. A. shorten   B. trigger   C. follow   D.interrupt

9. A. assess   B. interpret   C. provide   D. regain

10. A. at first   B.in turn   C. on time   D.by chance

11. A. far-sightedx   B. strong-willed/C. kind-hearted   D.like-minded

12. A. try   B. promote   C. watch   D. describe

13. A. test   B.share   C. accept   D. revise

14. A. already   B. thus   C. also   D.only

15. A. list   B. order   C. space   D. boundary

16. A. fatigue   B. criticism   C.injustice   D.dilemma   

17. A. sources   B. standards   C.signs   D.scores

18. A. take over   B. wipe off   C. add up   D.mark out

19.A.ungrateful   B. unavailable   C.responsible   D. regretful

20. A. react   B. repeat   C.retur   D. rest

1-5 CBADA

6-10 CBBDA

11-15 DABCC

16-20 ACDBD

Text 1

In her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be, Diane Coyle, an economist at Cambridge University, argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing, by things getting better, the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past," she writes. “An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers, with middle-income jobs undercut by

automation, will not be politically sustainable."

Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including health care and construction, says Coyle. But people can't be expected to embrace the changes if thcy're not seeing the benefits - if they're just seeing good jobs being destroyed.

In a recent interview, Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI. “We're talking about disruption," she says.“These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day, that change business models that succeed.” To make such "tremendous changes," she adds, you need social buy-in.

Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.

According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight Amcrican cities that included San Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle had roughly 38% of all tech jobs by 2019. New AI technologies are particularlyconcentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States.

The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar. Not only will this foster political and social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the Al agenda. That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.

A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care most about, like health care,education, and manufacturing.

21. Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should_____.

A. give rise to innovations

B. diversify crer choices

C. benefit people equally

D. be promoted forcefully

22.According to Paragraph 2, digital technologies should be used to __.

A. bring about instant prosperity

B. reduce people's workload

C. raise overall work efficiency

D. enhance cross-sector cooperation

23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?

A. They may affect work-life balance.

B. They may be impractical to deploy.

C. They may incur huge expenditure.

D. They may be unwelcome to the public.

24. Several American cities are mentioned to show___.

A. the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US

B. the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US

C. the fast progress of US regional economies x

D. the increasing significance of US AI assets

25.With regard to Coyle's concern, the author suggests___.

A. raising funds to start new AI projects

B. encouraging collaboration in AI research

C. guarding against the side effects of AI

D. redefining the role of AI technologies

21-25 CCDAD

Text 2

The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood, Confor has warned. The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations. Currently only 20 per cent of the UK’s wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.

Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK govemnment for landowners to grow more trees, the trade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies. "Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now, but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,” said Stuart Goodall, chief executive of Confor. “For decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply, leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall.”

The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confor says. While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 per cent. The causes of the UK's current position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation of trees by grey squirrels. It also encompasses significant hesitation on behalf of farmers and other landowners to invest in longer-term planting projects.

While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK’s net-zero strategy, the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewilding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity. Goodall added:“While food production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance, we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction, manufacturing and contribute to net zero.

“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting, there has been little action on the ground. Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand."

26. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the UK needs to___.

A. increase its domestic wood supply

B.reduce its demand for timber

C. lower its wood production costs

D.lift its control on timber imports

27. According to Confor, the UK government's fresh incentives___.

A. can hardly address a construction crisis

B. are believed to come at a wrong time

C. seem to be misleading for landowners

D. will be too costly to put into practice

28. The UK's exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of___

A. the government's inaction on timber imports

B.inadequate investment in growing wood

C.the competition among timber traders at home

D. wood producers’ motive to maximise profits

29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?

A. Excessive timber consumption in construction.

B. Unfavourable conditions for growing wood.

C. Outdated technologies of the wood industry.

D. Farmers’unwillingness to plant trees.

30.What does Goodall think the UK government should do?

A. Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.

B. Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies.

C.Provide more support for productive tree planting.

D. Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy.

26-30 AABDC

Text 3

One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it's time to turn over the keys. “It’s a complete life-changer” when someone stops - or is forced to stop - driving, said former risk manager Anne M. Menke.

“The American MedicalAssociation advises physicians that ‘in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,'" Menke wrote. “Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports, while a few consider a report a  breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality,” she counseled.

Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.“There's not a NationalInstitute of Older Driver Studies,"she said. “We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe”and what can help, said Dugan.

One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study.

Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.

Many older drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to. Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't turn their heads or remember where they are going - or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.

As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan. Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require too many algorithms, she said. But we need to do more to improve safety, said Dugan. “If we're going to have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”

31. According to Paragraph 1, keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_____.

A. is a new safety measure

B. has become a disputed issue

C. can be a tough task to complete

D. will be beneficial to their health

32. The American Medical Association's advice__.

A. has won support from drivers

B. is generally considered unrealistic

C. is widely dismissed as unnecessary

D. has met with different responses

33. According to Dugan, efforts to keep older drivers safe__.

A. have brought about big changes

B. need to be well coordinated

C. have gained public recognition

D. call for relevant legal support

34. Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to _.

A. stick with bad driving habits

B. have a weakened memory

C.suffer from chronic pains

D. neglect car maintenance

35. Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in___.

A. upgrading self-driving vehicles

B. developing senior-friendly cars

C.renovating transport facilities

D. adjusting the age limit for drivers

31-35 CDBBB

Text 4

lf you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your health - and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. Recent rescarch from the Organization for the Review of Care and Ilealth Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.

While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information wc input is collected, safeguarded and shared online.

Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurancecompanics store hcalth records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically docs not receive the same legal protections.

Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation. The FTC alleged in a complaint that “despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users’sensitive fertility data and shared it with third parties.” Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users’ express affirative consent bcfore sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.

Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm.

While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.

As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. Califoria has been at the forefront of state privacy cfforts with the Califomia Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.

36. The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show__.

A. the prevalence of health apps

B. the public concem over health

C.the popularity of smartphones

D. the advancement of technology

37. What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?

A. Its coverage needs to be extended.

B. Its enforcement needs strengthening.

C. It has discouraged medical misconduct.

D. It has disappointed insurance companies.

38. Before sharing its users’ health information, Flo Health is required to____.

A. seek the approval of the FTC

B. find qualified third parties

C.remove irrelevant personal data

D. obtain their explicit permission

39. What challenge is the FTC currently faced with?

A. The complexity of health information. ,

B. The rapid increase in new health apps.

C. The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.

D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.

40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that health data protection____.

A. has been embraced by health app developers

B. has been a focus of federal policy-making

C.has encountered opposition in Califoria

D. has gained legislative support in some states

36-40 AADBD

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and match each of the mumbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There arc two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on thc ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activitics hoping to bolster their chances of admission to a sclective undergraduate institution.

However, college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matters more than the number of activitics he or she participates in.

Sue Rexford, the director of college guidance at the CharlesE.Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for a student filling out the Common Application to list 10 activities in the application.

"No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for an extended period of time," Rexford wrote in an email.

Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.

“The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer, and so if they're going to do a popular activity, I'd say, be the best at it," says Sara Harberson, a college admissions consultant.

High school students who have an impressivc personal project they are working on independently often impress colleges, experts say.

"For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skill and potential by starting a profitable small business,"Olivia Valdes, the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm, wrote in an email.

Joseph Adegboyega-Edun, a Maryland high school guidance counsclor, says unconventional extracurricularactivities can help students impress collcge admissions offices, assuming they demonstrated serious commitment. “Again,since one of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makes you unique?,' having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage," he wrote in an email.

Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the college admissions process, especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions.

“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity cess be a positive in the admissions process, especially for highly selective institutiong,where having top grades and test scores is not enough," Yatie Kelley, udmissicns counselor at IvyWise admissions consultancy, wrote in an email. “Studens reed to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."

Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial, experts suggest. “If you already know your majss,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus," says Mayghin Levine,/the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House, a Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit community center.

High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship, says Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.

41.C   42.E   43.A   44.G   45.B

Section IIl Translation

46. Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese.Writc your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

With the smell of coffee and frcsh bread floating in the air, stalls bursting with colourful vegetables and tempting checses, and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers’ markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local cconomy and pick up fresh scasonal producc - all at thc same time.

Farmers’markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, which allow farmcrs or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to scason, depending on the area's agricultural calcndar, and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the ycar. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where - and to who - their money is going.

咖啡和新鮮面包的香味飄蕩在空氣中，攤位上擺滿了五顏六色的蔬菜和誘人的奶酪，還有友好交談的嘈雜聲，農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是一場感官盛宴。它們還提供了一個與負責種植或飼養(yǎng)你食物的人交談的機會，支持當?shù)亟?jīng)濟，并同時購買新鮮的時令產(chǎn)品。

農(nóng)貿(mào)市場通常是每周或每月舉辦的活動，大多數(shù)都有戶外攤位，允許農(nóng)民或生產(chǎn)者直接向顧客銷售他們的食品。市場的規(guī)?；虺Ｒ?guī)性可能因季節(jié)和地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)日歷而有所不同，你可能會在一年中的不同時間發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的產(chǎn)品在售。通過省去中間商，農(nóng)民們能為他們的產(chǎn)品獲得更多的利潤。顧客也從中受益，因為他們能夠清楚地看到——以及給誰——他們的錢去了哪里。

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose you and Jack are going to do a survey on the protection of old houses in an ancient town. Write him an email to

1) put forward your plan, and

2) ask for his opinion.

Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name in your email; use "Li Ming” instcad.(10 points)

Part B

48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the chart below. In your cssay, you should

1) describc and interprct the chart, and

2) give your comments.

Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

2.初試查分時間 

一般來說，考研初試成績公布的時間在每年的2月中下旬左右。具體到各省市，查分時間有一定的先后差異，具體請以考試地區(qū)的教育考試院公布的公告為準。

考研初試成績公布時間的確定，一般是由各省市的教育考試院負責。他們會根據(jù)考試的具體情況，進行成績的統(tǒng)計和處理，然后確定公布的時間。一般來說，考研初試成績公布的時間會提前一段時間進行公告，以便考生及時查詢。

查分之后，考生可以了解自己的成績情況，判斷是否符合自己報考的學校和專業(yè)的要求。如果初試成績符合要求，考生可以進入后續(xù)的復試環(huán)節(jié)，爭取最終被錄取。如果初試成績不符合要求，考生可以根據(jù)情況開始制定調(diào)劑方案，爭取將初試分數(shù)的利益發(fā)揮最大化。

3.考研查分方法 

1. 研招網(wǎng)查詢：研招網(wǎng)是考研報名和錄取的官方網(wǎng)站，一般會在官網(wǎng)上公布考研成績查詢?nèi)肟?。通過研招網(wǎng)查詢成績是最常用的方法之一。

2. 目標院校官網(wǎng)查詢：一些大學的研究生院官網(wǎng)會提供考研初試成績查詢?nèi)肟?。在官網(wǎng)上輸入個人信息，如報名號、密碼、校驗碼等，就可以查詢初試成績。但需要注意的是，并非所有學校的官網(wǎng)都提供初試成績查詢服務，所以要提前了解目標院校的查詢方式。

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