2017年201英語（一）考研真題答案及解析

本文提供2017年201英語（一）考研真題答案及解析，以下為具體內容

1、Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!”（1）helping you feel close and（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a （3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you （4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study （5 ）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come（8）with a cold, and the researchers（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging （10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. （11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe（12）.“ Hugging protects people who are under stress from the（13）risk for colds that' s usually（14）with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps（15）the feeling that others are there to help（16）difficulty. ”Some experts（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” （18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it （19）in the brain, where it （20）mood, behavior and physiology. 

問題1

A、Unlike

B、Besides

C、Throughout

D、Despite

問題2

A、equal

B、restricted

C、connected

D、inferior

問題3

A、host

B、view

C、lesson

D、choice

問題4

A、recall

B、forget

C、avoid

D、keep

問題5

A、collecting

B、affecting

C、guiding

D、involving

問題6

A、on

B、in

C、at

D、of

問題7

A、devoted

B、exposed

C、lost

D、attracted

問題8

A、along

B、across

C、down

D、out

問題9

A、imagined

B、denied

C、doubted

D、calculated

問題10

A、served

B、explained

C、restored

D、required

問題11

A、Thus

B、Still

C、Rather

D、Even

問題12

A、defeats

B、symptoms

C、errors

D、tests

問題13

A、highlighted

B、minimized

C、controlled

D、increased

問題14

A、associated

B、equipped

C、presented

D、compared

問題15

A、assess

B、moderate

C、generate

D、record

問題16

A、in the face of

B、in the form of

C、in the name of

D、in the way of

問題17

A、attribute

B、commit

C、transfer

D、return

問題18

A、unless

B、because

C、though

D、until

問題19

A、vanishes

B、emerges

C、remains

D、decreases

問題20

A、experiences

B、combines

C、justifies

D、influences

2、First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O' Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 

1.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to（  ）.2.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?3.The word “expedited” (Paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to （  ）.  4.One problem with the PreCheck program is （  ）.  5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

問題1

A、stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide

B、explain American's tolerance of current security checks

C、highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports

D、emphasize the importance of privacy protection

問題2

A、New restrictions on carry-on bags.

B、The declining efficiency of the TSA

C、An increase in the number of travelers.

D、Frequent unexpected secret checks.

問題3

A、quieter

B、faster

C、wider

D、cheaper

問題4

A、a dramatic reduction of its scale

B、its wrongly -directed implementation

C、the government's reluctance to back it

D、an unreasonable price for enrollment

問題5

A、Getting Stuck in Security Lines.

B、PreCheck — a Belated Solution.

C、Less Screening for More Safety.

D、Underused PreCheck Lanes.

3、“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii' s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars. 

1.Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates（  ）.2.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to （  ）.  3.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because（  ）.  4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy（  ）.  5.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of（  ）.

問題1

A、the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society

B、her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy

C、the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times

D、her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time

問題2

A、its religious implications

B、its protective surroundings

C、its geographical features

D、its existing infrastructure

問題3

A、it may risk ruining their intellectual life

B、they fear losing control of Mauna Kea

C、their culture will lose a chance of revival

D、it reminds them of a humiliating history

問題4

A、is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians

B、helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world

C、may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture

D、will eventually soften Hawaiians, hostility

問題5

A、severe criticism

B、full approval

C、passive acceptance

D、slight hesitancy

4、Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes — all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.

1.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he（  ）.2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that （  ）.  3.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?4.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that （  ）.  5.Which of the following is the best title for the text?

問題1

A、praised the UK for its GDP

B、identified GDP with happiness

C、misinterpreted the role of GDP

D、had a low opinion of GDP

問題2

A、GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK

B、policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP

C、the UK will contribute less to the world economy

D、the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern

問題3

A、It excludes GDP as an indicator.

B、It is sponsored by 163 countries.

C、Its criteria are questionable.

D、Its results are enlightening.

問題4

A、the UK is preparing for an economic boom

B、it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP

C、high GDP foreshadows an economic decline

D、it requires caution to handle economic issues

問題5

A、Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being.

B、Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP.

C、High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson.

D、GDP Figures, a Windowon Global Economic Health.

5、In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor's decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty”. But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.’’The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government, ” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society— that all are equal in treatment by government — is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

1.The underlined sentence (Paragraph 1) most probably shows that the court（  ）.2.According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves （  ）.  3.The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are （  ）.  4.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to （  ）.  5.The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is（  ）.

問題1

A、made no compromise in convicting McDonnell

B、avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties

C、was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct

D、refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics

問題2

A、concrete returns for gift-givers

B、sizable gains in the form of gifts

C、leaking secrets intentionally

D、breaking contracts officially

問題3

A、allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters

B、qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues

C、justified in addressing the needs of their constituents

D、exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism

問題4

A、awaken the conscience of officials

B、allow for certain kinds of lobbying

C、guarantee fair play in official access

D、inspire hopes in average people

問題5

A、sarcastic

B、tolerant

C、skeptical

D、supportive