2021年考研英語(yǔ)一模擬試題及答案解析（1）

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Section I Use of English

Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand， it‘s a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things： child care， friendships， etc. On the other hand， putting your 2， in the wrong place often carries a high 3.

4， why do we trust at all? Well， because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution， their brains release oxytocin， a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9： In a Swiss study， researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.

11 for us， we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask， “What’s in here?” before looking into the container， smiling， and exclaiming， “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.

Among the children who had not been tricked， the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill， demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19， only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.

1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from

2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest

3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price

4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again

5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When

6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains

7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare

8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to

9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle

10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters

11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic

12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight

13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over

14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted

15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside

16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered

17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked

18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled

19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance

20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitable

Section I Use of English

1、[答案][B] for

[解析]此處考察介詞的用法。it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things (信任是一個(gè)必要條件_____許多重要事情) 此處應(yīng)該是說，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來說是一個(gè)必要條件。B選項(xiàng)for(對(duì)。。。來說)符合語(yǔ)義，故為正確答案;A選項(xiàng)from(來自于)，C選項(xiàng)like(像。。。)，D選項(xiàng)on(關(guān)于)語(yǔ)義不恰當(dāng)，故排除。

2、[答案][C] faith

[解析]此處考察詞義辨析和中心一致性原則。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business (信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說明：On the one hand， it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things： child care， friendships， etc。 (一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任的好處。On the other hand， putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____。 (另一方面，把。。。放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來巨大。。。)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，只有C選項(xiàng)faith(信任、忠誠(chéng))與trust屬于近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故正確答案為[C] faith。

3、[答案][B] price

[解析]此處考察詞義辨析。第一段首句提出主題句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一個(gè)奇怪的東西)。后面進(jìn)一步對(duì)該主題句進(jìn)行解釋說明：On the one hand， it’s a necessary condition __ for __ many worthwhile things： child care， friendships， etc。 (一方面，信任對(duì)許多重要事情來說是必要條件，比如照看孩子，友誼等)，這句話在說信任的好處。On the other hand， putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high____。 (另一方面，把。。。放在錯(cuò)誤的地方往往會(huì)帶來巨大。。。)，顯然這句話依舊在解釋主題詞“trust”，并且根據(jù)空格所在句中的關(guān)鍵詞“wrong place”，本句應(yīng)該在說信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥?，所以空格處?yīng)該填入一個(gè)負(fù)向感情色彩的詞，故A選項(xiàng)benefit和D選項(xiàng)hope排除，而C選項(xiàng)debt(債務(wù))帶入之后語(yǔ)義不當(dāng)，故正確答案為[B] price(代價(jià))。

4、[答案][D] Then

[解析]此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。上段講述的是信任的好處和信任不當(dāng)?shù)谋锥?。第二段段首提出問題：“_____我們?yōu)槭裁匆湃巍?。只有D選項(xiàng)then(那么)填入后能形成順暢的語(yǔ)義和邏輯關(guān)系。故正確答案為D then(那么)。A選項(xiàng)again(再次)表示強(qiáng)調(diào);B選項(xiàng)instead(但是、然而)表示轉(zhuǎn)折;C選項(xiàng)therefore(因此)表示結(jié)果，不符合要求，故排除。

5、[答案][A] When

[解析]此處考察邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诰浜x為：______人們信任一個(gè)人或一個(gè)組織機(jī)構(gòu)，他們的大腦會(huì)釋放催產(chǎn)素。只有A選項(xiàng)when(當(dāng)。。時(shí)候)填入后符合邏輯要求，故正確答案為A選項(xiàng)when。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)B選項(xiàng)unless(如果不)表?xiàng)l件，C選項(xiàng)although(盡管)表讓步，D選項(xiàng)until(直到。。。)表時(shí)間，帶入后均語(yǔ)義不通順，故排除。

6、[答案][C] produce

[解析]此處考察動(dòng)賓搭配問題。上文指出：When people place their trust in an …their brains release oxytocin， a hormone。上文指出當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生信任感，大腦就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種荷爾蒙，后面是定語(yǔ)從句，句內(nèi)的動(dòng)賓搭配， 可推知這個(gè)荷爾蒙能產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的情緒， 并且與后面的trigger同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此C 。produce 正確。

7、[答案][A] connect

[解析]此處考察上下文信息照應(yīng)題。上文講到這種荷爾蒙能夠激發(fā)一種群居本能，the herding instinct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and promote …with one another，這種本能有兩個(gè)作用，并用and 連接，所以復(fù)現(xiàn)同義and 前面的flock together。 因此選擇A。 connect

8、[答案][B] to

[解析]此處考察上下語(yǔ)境下的名詞介詞搭配問題。根據(jù)上文的結(jié)論，下文實(shí)驗(yàn)展開分析，Swiss scientists have found that exposure to this hormone puts us…。所以研究中要求受試者要先處于這種環(huán)境中，所以名詞exposure to 構(gòu)成搭配語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，表示“接觸”的意思，因此選擇to。

9、[答案][D] mood

[解析]此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文提到身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生荷爾蒙，會(huì)給你帶來一種愉悅的情緒pleasurable feelings，這個(gè)上文結(jié)論。實(shí)驗(yàn)中exposure to this hormone puts us in a trusting …，因此，根據(jù)上下文，試驗(yàn)中，處于這種荷爾蒙環(huán)境中，會(huì)給人帶來情緒;語(yǔ)氣;心境;。因此選擇 mood。

10、[答案][A] counterparts

[解析]此處考察上下文的信息對(duì)應(yīng)和句內(nèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)。上文指出，In a study， researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects ，可推知本句再講與另外一組受試者比較。故選擇A。counterparts。 相對(duì)物，相對(duì)應(yīng)的人。

11、[答案][C] Lucky

[解析]此處考察上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說明前文和后文情感是一致的關(guān)系。說我們有這兩種天賦，對(duì)大家來說都是好事，所以需要選擇一個(gè)正向的情感色彩。只能選擇lucky。A選項(xiàng)odd 奇怪的是，B選項(xiàng)funny 有趣的是，D選項(xiàng)ironic 諷刺的是，皆不符合文意。

12、[答案][A] protect

[解析]此處考察上下文的成分搭配。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有個(gè)詞also，說明前文和后文情感是并列平行關(guān)系，前后情感應(yīng)該一致。所以此處只能選擇protect 保護(hù)我們，符合文意。B選項(xiàng)delight 使高興; C 選項(xiàng) surprise 使震驚;D選項(xiàng)monitor 監(jiān)控皆不符合文意。

13、[答案][D] between

[解析]此處考察固定搭配。differentiate between A and B。 介詞between表示在A和B之間 ， 原文含義為：“4個(gè)月大的孩子可以區(qū)分出一個(gè)可信的人和一個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人”。

14、[答案][C] introduced

[解析]此處考察成分搭配。原文表達(dá)： Sixty toddlers were each______ to an adult tester holding a plastic container。 只有C選項(xiàng)be introduced to sth表示“初次認(rèn)識(shí)某事物”，符合文意。A 選項(xiàng)added 添加;B選項(xiàng)transferred轉(zhuǎn)移;D選項(xiàng) entrusted 委托，皆不符合文意。

15、[答案][B] inside

[解析]此處考察介詞搭配及詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。原文表達(dá)：“What’s in here?” before looking into the container…… Each subject was then invited to _________。 只有選擇B選項(xiàng)inside 才能和前文所表達(dá)的in here和looking into一脈相承。

16、[答案][D] discovered

[解析]此處考察詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。根據(jù)原文Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty… 這是用分號(hào)并列的連個(gè)句子，都是在講試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果句型結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致，前半句再講一半的受測(cè)者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句肯定是再說另半會(huì)怎么樣，兩個(gè)小分句的結(jié)構(gòu)基本一致Half of them = the other half，found=16，a toy= the container was empty，所以16題填入的應(yīng)該是found的同義詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

17、[答案][A] fooled

[解析]此處句間邏輯關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索?！猘nd realized the tester had 17 them，此句位于破折號(hào)后面，是對(duì)前面意思的解釋說明。前面提到另一半人發(fā)現(xiàn)盒子是空的，并且意識(shí)到測(cè)試者對(duì)他們?cè)趺礃?，既然盒子是空的那么肯定認(rèn)識(shí)到測(cè)試者是在戲弄他們，所以作對(duì)此題必須要理解tester測(cè)試者是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)是them指的是受測(cè)者，主語(yǔ)的意思決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的含義為戲弄，故A fooled為正確選項(xiàng)。

18、[答案][B] willing

[解析] 此處考察搭配關(guān)系，屬于句子內(nèi)部的顯性線索。Among the children who had not been tricked， the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill， demonstrating that they trusted his leadership。 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以看出逗號(hào)之前是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)意為在所有沒有被戲弄過的孩子里面，大多數(shù)的孩子在習(xí)得一種新技能的時(shí)候與測(cè)試者的合作是怎么樣的，demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明這些孩子信任他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，所以既然信任他們就是愿意與其合作，故選擇B。 willing，與were willing to 構(gòu)成固定搭配，意為愿意。

19、[答案][D] In contrast

[解析]此處考察句間的邏輯關(guān)系。19， only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity。 通過該句中的only僅僅，可以看出與上文的 the majority of 形成鮮明的對(duì)比，19題應(yīng)該填入的應(yīng)該是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，與上文形成對(duì)比的邏輯關(guān)系詞。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A表示總結(jié)，B表示結(jié)果，C表示舉例子，只有D表示轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，故D為正確選項(xiàng)。

20、[答案][C] unreliable

[解析]此處考察詞義辨析。19， only five of the 30 children paired with the “20” tester participated in a follow-up activity。該句含義為：在接下來的活動(dòng)中30個(gè)孩子中只有5個(gè)孩子與。。。樣的測(cè)試者能合作，所以結(jié)合上文提到的大部分孩子信任測(cè)試者，但是5/30屬于一小部分，大部分對(duì)應(yīng)的是信任，那么小比例的對(duì)應(yīng)的是不信任，所以 tester的修飾詞應(yīng)該為C，unreliable不可靠的，不可信任的，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。