中國(guó)人民大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題（二）

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Part A (10 points)

Direction: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET．

One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing．

Part B (10 points)

Direction: Translate the following into English on your ANSWER SHEET．

中國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)全球極富吸引力的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的大市場(chǎng)。世界各國(guó)和地區(qū)不少有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的企業(yè)家，都將目光投向了中國(guó)，并從投資活動(dòng)中獲得了豐厚的回報(bào)。我相信，中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織后，外商參與中國(guó)投資活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)將越來(lái)越多，自身發(fā)展的空間也越來(lái)越大。在中國(guó)的投資活動(dòng)一定能成為溝通世界各國(guó)和地區(qū)的企業(yè)家與中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的一座橋梁，促進(jìn)中國(guó)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮。

KEY

Part A

既然投機(jī)有很大的帶來(lái)?yè)p失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們可能要問為什么還會(huì)允許進(jìn)行投機(jī)呢。根本原因在于投機(jī)能在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮有益的功能。由于相信價(jià)格會(huì)上漲從而買商品或期貨加快了市場(chǎng)均衡，并能鼓勵(lì)更多的供應(yīng)商更快地進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)。如果價(jià)格變化滯后到商品短缺真正出現(xiàn)時(shí)才發(fā)生，那么價(jià)格波動(dòng)很可能更為劇烈、突然。采取補(bǔ)救措施增加供應(yīng)將刻不容緩。類似的，如果投機(jī)者預(yù)見到某商品將過剩，他們就會(huì)賣出期貨，這樣做有助于在過剩真正發(fā)生之前在一定程度上降低價(jià)格。而當(dāng)投機(jī)者預(yù)見到將會(huì)出現(xiàn)短缺的時(shí)候，就會(huì)哄抬物價(jià)，這樣做也有助于保存當(dāng)前的供給。物價(jià)上漲時(shí)，商品購(gòu)買量就會(huì)變少，因?yàn)閮r(jià)格上漲將促使消費(fèi)者節(jié)約。同樣的，物價(jià)下跌將促使消費(fèi)者增加購(gòu)買，這樣就有助于將正在增加的過剩商品出售出去。

Part B

China has developed into a big, extremely attractive and realistic market in the global context. Many farsighted entrepreneurs from countries and regions all over the world have paid their attention to China and got generous profits in return from their investment activities. I believe that, after China's entry into WTO, more opportunities will be created for the participation of foreign entrepreneurs in the investment activities in China and lager space for their own development. The investment activities in China will surely serve as a bridge connecting entrepreneurs from all the countries and regions in the world and the Chinese market, and promote the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world．