廈門大學(xué)考博英語真題（二）

考博英語真題是最佳復(fù)習(xí)資料，是考博學(xué)子常用資料，真題可以快速有效抓住考試的重點和難點。希賽網(wǎng)考博英語為廣大考生搜集整理了廈門大學(xué)博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語真題，正在備考的考生快看過來吧。希賽網(wǎng)考博英語真題持續(xù)更新中，請關(guān)注希賽網(wǎng)考博英語頻道。

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese．

1．The onrush of cheap communications, powerful computers and the Internet all explain why many people feel that, nowadays, change is happening ever more rapidly as technological progress accelerates. Moore's law, that the power of microchips doubles every 18 months, has been tested and found correct. This is what gives people the sense of a world shifting beneath their feet．

2．Yet the implication that rapid change is a new phenomenon is again misleading. If you measure the time it takes for a technology to become widely diffused, today's experience does not seem unusual. Take the car. The basic patent for an internal-combustion engine capable of powering a car was filed in 1877. By the late 1920s—50 years later—over half of all American households owned a car．

3．The comparable dates for the computer are harder to tie down, but the first big computer, based on vacuum valves, was built in 1946. The transistor—the first semiconductor device—was invented at Bell Laboratories in 1948. The first patent for an integrated circuit was filed in 1959. Now, in 1999-50 years after the first one was built—around half of American households own a computer. The pace of introduction has been similar to that of the car．

4．You have to cheat, choosing only the date for the personal computer, say (mid-1970s), or the internet (ditto) to make it seem much more rapid．

Comparing its diffusion among private users is, you might say, unfair to the computer, for that machine's main use is in businesses. On that measure, the best historical analogy is with electrification, and the spread of the electric dynamo into factories．

5．According to Paul David, a historian at Stanford University in California, the first electricity-generating stations had been installed in New York and London in 1881, but it was well into the 1920s before the dynamo became widely used and started to raise productivity. The adoption of the computer in business has also been slow, and failed to have any measurable impact on productivity until very recently．

KEY

1．今天，隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展、通訊的廉價、計算機功能的強大和因特網(wǎng)的不斷涌現(xiàn)，人們的生活日新月異。

2．但是把這種快速變化視為新現(xiàn)象是錯誤的。如果你算一下一項技術(shù)從它產(chǎn)生到被廣泛應(yīng)用所需要的時間，那么你對今天所發(fā)生的這些變化就不會覺得奇怪了。

3．計算機究竟誕生于何時，我們已經(jīng)很難弄清楚了。但第一臺大型真空電子管計算機管是在1946年產(chǎn)生的。

4．如果你想它看起來的確比別的技術(shù)快得多，那么你就得蒙混過關(guān)了，你可以從個人計算機或者因特網(wǎng)的誕生算起，也就是從20世紀70年代中期算起。

5．根據(jù)斯坦福大學(xué)歷史學(xué)家保羅·大衛(wèi)的介紹，1881年，第一批發(fā)電機被安裝在紐約和倫敦，但直到20世紀20年代發(fā)電機才得到廣泛的應(yīng)用并提高了社會生產(chǎn)力。