2021年考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬試題（十六）

閱讀理解是考博英語(yǔ)的考題型之一，旨在檢驗(yàn)考生能否在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)所給閱讀材料中敘述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行仔細(xì)理解、洞察和辨別，要求考生能從不同角度分析文章并通過閱讀獲取信息，把握文章作者的觀點(diǎn)，明確各語(yǔ)句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。題材包括科普、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、社會(huì)生活、歷史文化、傳記等；文章體裁包括議論文、敘述文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等。想要攻克考博英語(yǔ)閱讀，少不了平日的點(diǎn)滴積累。希賽網(wǎng)考博英語(yǔ)頻道為大家分享考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬題，希望能夠幫助到大家。

There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system， the administered system， and the traditional system.

In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market， transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy， real goods such as automobiles， shoes， and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously， finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence， the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy， goods and services are bought or sold for money.

An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced， exchanged， and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan， drawn up by the government， shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production， consumption， and exchange for the whole economy.

In a traditional society， production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition； every person‘s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage， religion， and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition， too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons， provide them with food and shelter， care for their health， and provide for their education. Clearly， in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone， progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.

1.What is the main purpose of the passage？

A.To outline contrasting types of economic systems.

B.To explain the science of economics.

C.To argue for the superiority of one economic system.

D.To compare barter and money-exchange markets.

2.In the second paragraph， the word “real” in “real goods” could best be replaced by ___，

A.high quality

B.concrete

C.utter

D.authentic.

3.According to the passage， a barter economy can generate ___.

A.rapid speed of transactions.

B.misunderstandings.

C.inflation

D.difficulties for the traders.

4.According to the passage， who has the greatest degree of control in the administered system？

A.Individual households

B.Small businesses.

C.Major corporations.

D.The government.

5.Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a person‘s position in a traditional society？

A.Family background

B.Age

C.Religious beliefs.

D.Custom

答案：ABDDB

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