2021年考博英語閱讀理解模擬試題（十四）

閱讀理解是考博英語的考題型之一，旨在檢驗(yàn)考生能否在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)所給閱讀材料中敘述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行仔細(xì)理解、洞察和辨別，要求考生能從不同角度分析文章并通過閱讀獲取信息，把握文章作者的觀點(diǎn)，明確各語句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。題材包括科普、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、社會(huì)生活、歷史文化、傳記等；文章體裁包括議論文、敘述文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等。想要攻克考博英語閱讀，少不了平日的點(diǎn)滴積累。希賽網(wǎng)考博英語頻道為大家分享考博英語閱讀理解模擬題，希望能夠幫助到大家。

Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired； without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts of some hormones can modify moods and actions， our inclination to eat or drink， our aggressiveness or submissiveness， and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior； early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even determine an individual's behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the body's changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging.

Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered the exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probably be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls when food enters the stomach； it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice， which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secret chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues. Bayliss and starling demonstrated that chemical integration could occur without participation of the nervous system.

The term “hormone” was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone，meaning “to excite or set in motion. The term ”endocrine“ was introduced shortly thereafter ”Endocrine“ is used to refer to glands that secret products into the bloodstream. The term ”endocrine“ contrasts with ”exocrine“， which is applied to glands that secret their products though ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands，the sweat glands，and the pancreas，which secrets pancreatic juice through a duct into the intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands，while endocrine glands are called ductless.

1.What is the author's main purpose in the passage？

A.To explain the specific functions of various hormones.

B.To provide general information about hormones.

C.To explain how the term “hormone” evolved.

D.To report on experiments in endocrinology.

2.The passage supports which of the following conclusions？

A.The human body requires large amounts of most hormones.

B.Synthetic hormones can replace a person's natural supply of hormones if necessary.

C.The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a person's age.

D.The short child of tall parents very likely had a hormone deficiency early in life.

3.It can be inferred from the passage that before the Bayliss and Starling experiments，most people believed that chemical integration occurred only___.

A.during sleep.

B.in the endocrine glands.

C.under control of the nervous system.

D.during strenuous exercise.

4.The word “l(fā)iberate” could best be replaced by which of the following？

A.Emancipate

B.Discharge

C.Surrender

D.Save

5.According to the passage another term for exocrine glands is___.

A.duct glands

B.endocrine glands

C.ductless glands

D.intestinal glands.

答案：ＢＤＣＢＡ

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