河南工業(yè)大學(xué)考博英語考試大綱

河南工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試大綱《基礎(chǔ)英語》

科目名稱：《基礎(chǔ)英語》

科目代碼：619

一.考試目的及要求：

該課程考試旨在全面考察考生是否具備碩士階段學(xué)習(xí)所要求的英語水平，主要考核考生詞匯、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)把握、閱讀理解和欣賞、英漢互譯和英文寫作等方面英語綜合運(yùn)用能力?？忌鷳?yīng)具備以下能力：

1.掌握10，000個(gè)以上詞匯，其中積極詞匯量為5,000以上；

2.能分析文章的思想觀點(diǎn)、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作目的、語言技巧及修辭手段，并就此作出自己的評價(jià)；

3.能夠根據(jù)上下文用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語解釋較難的詞語，且用自己的語言解釋文章中的長句和難句；

4.能將不同文體風(fēng)格的原文忠實(shí)地翻譯成譯文；

5.能根據(jù)要求寫出語言準(zhǔn)確、表達(dá)得體，具有一定的思想深度的文章。

二.考試形式與分值：

考試形式采用閉卷和筆試的方式進(jìn)行，總分150分，考試時(shí)間為180分鐘。

三.考試題型：

1.詞匯理解

本部分包括兩部分：第一部分為解釋加下劃線的詞語，考察學(xué)生對詞匯意思的準(zhǔn)確把握和近義詞的替換能力；第二部分為詞匯選擇題， 考生從給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)符合句子意思的恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。本部分共20題，每題1分，總分為20分。

2.完型填空

本部分主要考察學(xué)生對篇章意思的把握能力以及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和篇章邏輯性的識別能力。考試形式是從一篇長度為300詞左右的文章中抽出5個(gè)空，考生根據(jù)上下文從給出的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最適合的句子。本部分共5題，每題2分，總分為10分。

3.閱讀理解

本部分主要測試考生對英語篇章主旨、修辭、疑難句子的理解和解釋的能力。考試文章總長度約為800詞匯，文章主要為哲理型及思辨型議論文。文章后有5個(gè)簡答題，要求學(xué)生對文章的一些修辭手法進(jìn)行闡釋、對重難點(diǎn)句進(jìn)行英英釋義、以及對文章大意進(jìn)行概括等。本部分共5題，總分為30分。

4.翻譯

本部分分英譯漢和漢譯英兩部分。英譯漢選材多為英美報(bào)刊及書籍中哲理性論辯文章的節(jié)錄，字?jǐn)?shù)約為200字左右，要求考生恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用英譯漢的理論和技巧，譯文要求忠實(shí)原意，語言流暢。漢譯英選材多為中國文學(xué)作品原著中的文章節(jié)錄，字?jǐn)?shù)約為200字左右，要求考生恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用漢譯英的理論和技巧，譯文要求忠實(shí)原意，語言流暢。本部分共2題，每題30分，總分為60分。

5.寫作

本部分主要測試考生英語表達(dá)能力。考試題型為命題作文，要求考生根據(jù)所給題目寫一篇長度為300左右英語單詞的議論文。要求作文語言通順，用詞得體，結(jié)構(gòu)合理，文體恰當(dāng)，具有說服力。主要考察學(xué)生的語言基本功、選題構(gòu)思、篇章組織能力以及思辨能力等。本部分共30分。

四.復(fù)習(xí)范圍及參考書目：

本課程考試屬于英語語言水平能力綜合測試，因此不具體提供參考書目?？忌蓞⒄諊鴥?nèi)高校通用的《高級英語》精讀教材、翻譯教材，兼及時(shí)事、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化及社會生活等方面的英文報(bào)刊或網(wǎng)站。

五.樣題：

Part I Structure and Vocabulary. (20/150)

Task 1: Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.（10/150）

1. Parents are sometimes reluctant to relinquish the influence they have on their children.

A. give off         B. retain        C.let go of           D. notice

2. She strongly denounced the Government’s foreign policy in public.

A. condemned      B.announced     C. supported       D. disdained

3. As he got older, his belief in these principles didn’t vacillate.

A. dither          B. shake         C. waver          D. wobble

4. The government is taking drastic measures to mitigate the effects of inflation.

A. worsen      B.alleviate     C.aggravate     D. aggregate

5. Rather than vote for either side, the congressman decided to abstain.

A.not vote          B. vote for both         C.stay home        D. vote later

6.They both told the court the argument was more heated than usual and Mrs Allen described her increasing exasperation at her husband's insistence he was leaving.

A.harassment        B. provocation        C. embarassment       D. irritation

7. Frank was even abashed by the moment of triumph as if that moment were not a thing to be savored.

A. bewildered       B. bashful          C. ashamed          D. dismayed

8. My position was thus at the same time unprecedently strong and precarious.

A. cautious         B.insecure          C.crucial           D. reliable

9. The Minister is determined to root out corruption.

A. soften           B. redeem          C. eradicate        D. recede

10. The accused decided to dispense with the services of a lawyer.

A.rely on         B. go without       C. take up        D.check up

Task 2: Directions: Choose one from the four alternatives that best completes the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. （10/150）

11. The preacher______ his congregation for failure to attend weekly services.

A.admonished         B. cursed       C. quitted         D. complained

12. At the funeral, those who were glad that George was gone ______  great sorrow.

A. counterfeited       B. retained       C. manifested     D. were in the form of

13. This very interesting novel has only one fault. I mention this fault without fear of offending the author, for obviously no writer is _______.

A. ignorant          B. infallible        C. discouraged            D. humble

14. Sluggish individual spending, which has lasted for months, is _____ the economic recovery.

A. boosting         B. promoting        C. hampering             D.holding

15. Participants urged fans to ignore the criticism and controversy, and to_____ the celebration of Jackson's musical legacy.

A. revel in            B. get over       C.take up            D. throw up

16. The report stated that Dr. Brady had been_____ in not giving the patient a full examination.

A. illegible            B. eligible       C.negligible          D. negligent

17. He invented a most _____story, but most of us were inclined to doubt the truth of it.

A.credulous           B. inscrutable     C. indiscreet          D. plausible

18. If there is a report that frequently gets lost, or miscoded, one approach is to ____ employees to put in longer hours, or to be more careful.

A.modify            B. exhort          C.vindicate          D. justify

19. As time moved on my grief and anger at his untimely death began to____.

A.retreat            B. obliterate        C. recede            D.deplete

20. Apparently, Jim’s father was _______ by his words and yelled at him immediately.

A. put out           B. put away        C. put down          D. put across

Part II: Directions: The following passage has FIVE sentences missing. Choose from the list of SIX sentences marked A…F below the most suitable sentence for each missing blank. Then write down the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. (10/150)

Americans often assume that overwork is an inevitable fact of life—like death and taxes. In our era, almost every other industrialized nation has fewer annual working hours and longer vacations than the United States. 21.                           . Jeremy Brecher noted that European unions during the 1980s made a powerful and largely successful push to cut working hours.

Perhaps the most formidable barrier to more freetime for Americans is the widespread mindset that the 40-hour workweek, 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, is a natural rhythm of the universe. 22.                           . A second obstacle to launching a powerful shorter work-time movement is America’s deeply ingrained work ethic, which fosters the widely held belief that people who do not work long and hard are lazy, unproductive, and worthless.

23.                           . Many of us identify ourselves almost entirely by the kind of work we do. Work still has a powerful psychological and spiritual hold over our lives—and talk of shorter work-time may seem somehow morally suspicious.

24.                           . Also much of our non-work time is spent not just in personal renewal, but in building and maintaining essential social ties—with family, friends, and the larger community. Today, as mothers and fathers spend more and more time on the job, we are beginning to recognize the deleterious effects of the breakdown of social ties and community in American life. 25.                           .

A. The simple fact is that Americans today are spending too much time at work, to the detriment of their homes, their families, their personal lives, and their communities.

B. This includes all of Western Europe, where many nations enjoy thriving economies and standards of living equal to or higher than ours.

C. For many Americans today, paid work is not just a way to make money but is a crucial source of their self-worth.

D. This view is reinforced by the media’s complete silence regarding the shorter work-time and more favorable vacation and family-leave policies of other countries.

E. Unfortunately, our nation reacts to these problems by calling for more paid professionals without recognizing the possibility that shorter work hours and more free time could enable us to do much of the necessary rebuilding and healing.

F. Because we are so deeply a work-oriented society, leisure-time activities are not looked on as essential and worthwhile components of life.

Part III: Reading Comprehension. Read the following essay and then answer the questions below. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (30/150)

Women Are Prisoners of Their Sex

[1]Women are free. At least, they look free. They even feel free. But in reality women in the western, industrialized world today are like the animals in a modern zoo. There are no bars. It appears that cages have been abolished. Yet in practice women are still kept in their place just as firmly as the animals are kept in their enclosures. Women have fallen victim to one of the most insidious and ingenious confidence tricks ever perpetrated. The ingenious point about the new-model zoo is that it deceives both sides of the invisible barrier. Not only cannot the animal see how it is imprisoned; the visitor’s conscience is relieved of the unkindness of keeping animals shut up.

[2]The pressures society exerts to drive men out of the house are very nearly as irrational and unjust as those by which it keeps women in. Society is playing on our sexual vanity. Tell a man that he is not a real man, or a woman that she is not 100 percent woman, and you are threatening both with not being attractive to the opposite sex. No one can bear not to be attractive to the opposite sex. That’s the climate which the human animal cannot tolerate. So society has us all at its mercy. It has only to murmur to the man that staying home is a feminine characteristic, and he will be out of the house like a bullet. It has only to suggest to the woman that logic and reason are the exclusive province of the mansculine mind, where intuition and feeling are the female forte, and she will throw her physics textbooks out of the window. So brilliantly has society contrived to terrorize women with this threat that certain behavior is unnatural and unwomanly, that it has left them no time to consider—or even sheerly observe-what womanly nature really is. Fright has thrown her into such a muddle that she confuses having no taste for cookery with having no breasts, and conversely assumes that nature has unfailingly endowed the human female with a special handiness with frying pans.

[3] Even psychoanalysis has unwittingly reinforced the terrorization campaign. The trouble was that it brought with it from its origin a medical therapy a criterion of normality instead of rationality. If a woman who is irked by confinement to the kitchen merely looks around to see what other women are doing and finds they are accepting their kitchens, she may well conclude that she is abnormal and had better enlist her psychoanalyst’s help toward living with her kitchen. What she ought to ask is whether it is rational for women to be kept to the kitchen, and whether nature really does insist on that in the way it insists women have breasts.

[4] The normal and natural thing for human beings is not to tolerate handicaps but to reform society and to circumvent or supplement nature. In reality, the whole idea of a specifically feminine or masculine contribution to culture is a contradiction of culture. A contribution to culture is not something which could not have been made by the other sex; it is something which could not have been made by any other person. Not only are the distinctions we draw between male nature and female nature largely arbitrary and often pure superstition, they are completely beside the point. They ignore the essence of human nature. The important question is not whether women are or are not less logical by nature than men, but whether education, effort and the abolition of our illogical social pressures can improve on nature and make them—and, incidentally, men as well—more logical.

[5] Civilization consists not necessarily in defying nature but in making it possible for us to do so if we judge it desirable. The higher we can lift our noses from the grindstone of nature, the wider the area we have of choice; and the more choices we have freely made, the more individualized we are. We are at our most civilized when nature does not dictate to us, as it does to animals and peasants, but when we can opt to fall in with it or better it. If modern civilization has invented methods of preparing baby foods and methods of education which make it possible for men to feed babies and for women to think logically, we are betraying civilization itself if we do not set both sexes free to make a free choice.

Tasks: Answer the following questions.

26. In paragraph 1, the author uses an analogy to illustrate her argument. What is the analogy and what does the analogy illustrate? (para. 1)? (5/150)

27. What does the author mean by saying “Society is playing on our sexual vanity ?” (para. 2) (5/150)

28. Explain the sentence “Even psychoanalysis has unwittingly reinforced the terrorization campaign.” (para. 3) (5/150)

29. Explain the sentence “A contribution to culture is not something which could not have been made by the other sex; it is something which could not have been made by any other person” (para. 4) (5/150)

30. Write a summary of the text with about 100 words.(10/150)

Part IV: Translate the following passages. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (60/150)

Task 1: Translation from English to Chinese (30/150)

31. The young Americans are energetic, ambitious, enterprising, and good, but their talents and interests and money thrust them not into books and ideas and history and civics, but into a whole other realm and other consciousness. A different social life and a different mental life have formed among them. Technology has bred it, but the result doesn't tally with the fulsome descriptions of digital empowerment, global awareness, and virtual communities. Instead of opening young American minds to the stores of civilization and science and politics, technology has contracted their horizon to themselves, to the social scene around them.Young people have never been so intensely mindful of and present to one another, and so enabled in adolescent contact. Teen images and songs, hot gossip and games, and youth-to-youth communications no longer limited by time or space wrap them up in a generational cocoon reaching all the way into their bedrooms. The autonomy has a cost: the more they attend to themselves, the less they remember the past and envision a future.

Task 2: Translation from Chinese to English. (30/150)

32. 天空還是一片淺藍(lán)，顏色很淺。轉(zhuǎn)眼間天邊出現(xiàn)了一道紅霞，慢慢地在擴(kuò)大它的范圍，加強(qiáng)它的亮光。我知道太陽要從天邊升起來了，便不轉(zhuǎn)眼地望著那里。果然過了一會兒，在那個(gè)地方出現(xiàn)了太陽的小半邊臉，紅是真紅，卻沒有亮光。這個(gè)太陽好像負(fù)著重荷似地一步一步、慢慢地努力上升，到了最后，終于沖破了云霞，完全跳出了海面，顏色紅得非?？蓯?。一剎那間，這個(gè)深紅的圓東西，忽然發(fā)出了奪目的亮光，射得人眼睛發(fā)痛，它旁邊的云片也突然有了光彩。有時(shí)太陽走進(jìn)了云堆中，它的光線卻從云里射下來，直射到水面上。這時(shí)候要分辨出哪里是水，哪里是天，倒也不容易，因?yàn)槲揖椭豢匆娨黄瑺N爛的亮光。這時(shí)候發(fā)亮的不僅是太陽、云和海水，連我自己也成了明亮的了。

Part V: Writing. (30/150)

33. Write an essay of about 300 words in which you set forth your comments on Socrates’ saying that “An Unexamined Life is not Worth Living ”.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instruction may result in loss of marks.