學(xué)位英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法及示例：

I.要點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：

(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞

常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook for,look after,send for,care about,ask for,laugh at,hear of(from),add to,lead to等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：

Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞

常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)ive up,pick up,think over,find out,hand in,point out等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱(chēng)代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don't forget to hand it in.

(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞

常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook down upon,go on with,break away from,add up to,catch up with等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：

All his money added up to no more than$100.

After a short rest,he went on with his research work.

(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞

常見(jiàn)的有take care of,make use of,pay attention to,make fun of等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

(5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞

常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)eave open,set free,cut open等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱(chēng)代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6)動(dòng)詞+名詞

常見(jiàn)的有take place,make friends等。這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

(7)辨析

give away(讓給，暴露)和give up(放棄，停止)

put away(放起，收起)和put out(撲滅)

turn up(出席，放大)和turn on(打開(kāi))

keep out(阻止)和keep off(不讓靠近)

make up(編造，補(bǔ)上)和make out(辨認(rèn))

take off(脫，起飛)和take out(拿出)

II.例題

例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續(xù)";give away意為"分發(fā)";lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here's my card.Let's keep in ____.

A touch B relation C connection D friendship

解析：該題正確答案為A.keep in touch為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)

例3 ____!There's a train coming.

A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

解析：該題選A.look out意為"小心"。