2018年考研英語一翻譯題

Part C Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (46)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.

【解析】本句主干為Europe was witnessing the passing and the creation。句首by the date of his birth，考查代詞指代，回上文可知為：莎士比亞。under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy為定語，修飾the creation。

【參考譯文】莎士比亞出生之時，宗教戲劇在歐洲正逐漸消亡，而在經(jīng)典悲劇和戲劇的激發(fā)下，這里正在形成各種新的戲劇形式。

47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.

【解析】本句的主干為：no boy could be ignorant that...，意思為：沒有人會不了解...，可以翻譯成：人都了解...。who went to a grammar school為定語從句，修飾no boy，可以前置翻譯為：去文法學(xué)校的人都了解....。之后為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，賓語從句的主干為the drama was a form of literature，之后為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾a form of literature，定語從句中might yet do意思為：遲早會...，定語從句可采用后置的翻譯方法：它已經(jīng)給希臘和羅馬帶來了榮耀，也可能會給英國帶來榮耀。

【參考譯文】那些去文法學(xué)校的人都知道，戲劇是文學(xué)的一種形式，它已經(jīng)給希臘和羅馬帶來了榮耀，也遲早會給英國帶來榮耀。

48) But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.

【解析】本句為并列句。前半句the professional companies專業(yè)公司，在本文中指的是專業(yè)戲劇公司。permanent意為：一直的，固定的，their permanent theaters可翻譯為：固定的劇院。前半句可翻譯為：但是，專業(yè)戲劇公司有了固定的劇院而繁榮發(fā)展起來。后半句with literary ambitions修飾university men，可斷句翻譯為：有文學(xué)抱負的大學(xué)生迅速投身這些劇院，將其視為謀生的手段。

【參考譯文】但是，專業(yè)戲劇公司在固定的劇院中繁榮發(fā)展起來，有文學(xué)抱負的大學(xué)生迅速投身這些劇院，并將其視為謀生的手段。

49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.

【解析】本句為并列句，前半句主干為a native literary drama had been created，可翻譯為：一種當(dāng)?shù)氐奈膶W(xué)戲劇形式已經(jīng)被創(chuàng)立，其中被動語態(tài)可以直接翻譯為：產(chǎn)生出來。its alliance with the public playhouses established為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，意思為：它和公共劇院的聯(lián)盟關(guān)系被確立，可翻譯為：它與公共劇院建立了聯(lián)盟關(guān)系。后半句主干為：traditions had been begun，可翻譯為：最終這種戲劇的一些偉大傳統(tǒng)也開始出現(xiàn)。

【參考譯文】一種當(dāng)?shù)氐奈膶W(xué)戲劇藝術(shù)已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了，它與公眾劇院也建立了聯(lián)盟關(guān)系，而最終這種戲劇的一些偉大傳統(tǒng)也開始出現(xiàn)。

50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.

【解析】本句主干為 we must remember that... and that...。句首不定式短語中to realize后為how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可以翻譯為：要想知道戲劇藝術(shù)的偉大之處。further為狀語，修飾remember，可翻譯為：還必須記住。hosts of plays翻譯為：大量的戲劇作品，其種plays應(yīng)翻譯為“戲劇作品”。第二個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的主干為there is no author，之后of note意思為：重要的、引人注目的、著名的。之后為whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾author of note，定語從句可用融合法，翻譯為：沒有著名戲劇作者的完整作品保存下來。

【參考譯文】要想知道戲劇藝術(shù)的偉大之處，我們還必須記住大量的戲劇作品已經(jīng)丟失，而且或許我們也不會知道那些沒有完整作品保存下來的劇作家。