2019年學(xué)位英語語法講解（語氣）

學(xué)位英語試題精講：語氣

1. I would ask George to lend us the money if I ____ him.

 A. had known    B. have known    C. knew    D. to have read

【答案】C 該句使用了虛擬語氣，從主句的would ask 判斷，if 從句謂語動詞可以用一般過去時knew,表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。句意為“如果我認(rèn)識喬治的話，我就讓他借給我們錢了”。

2. If I __ you, I ___ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

A. was/ shall pay    B. am/ will pay     C. would be/ would pay   D. were/ would pay

【答案】D。如果我是你，我會在英語成語和短語上多關(guān)注一些。對現(xiàn)在的虛擬。

3. Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he_____ you.

A. would come to    B. would come at   C. would have come toward  D. will come to

【答案】B。別動那個正在睡覺的老虎，他要是醒了會咬你的。if條件句中對現(xiàn)在的虛擬。

4. We ___ delighted if the report ___ true.

A. were/ were    B. shall be/ were    C. should be/ were     D. were/ would be

【答案】C。如果這個報告是真是的，那我們就會很高興的。if條件句中對現(xiàn)在的虛擬。

5. If I ________ plan to do anything I wanted to, I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

A. would    B. could   C. had to   D. ought to

【答案】B。如果我能夠計劃做任何我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且盡可能地旅行那個地方的大部分地區(qū)。

6. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave    B. Was he leaving  C. Were he to leave   D. If he leave

【答案】C。如果他能夠周五到那里，他將會今天就走。省略if的條件虛擬。對將來的虛擬。

7. _________ to do the work, I should do it some other way.

A. If were I     B. I were    C. Were I   D. Was I

【答案】C。如果我來做這個工作，我會換一種工作方式。

8. Most probably Ally won’t come tomorrow. But if she______ I _____her to call you up at once.

A. should come, would ask   B. come, would have asked  C. will come, will ask   D. is coming, should ask

【答案】A。Ally很可能明天不會回來，但是如果她回來，我會讓她立刻給你打電話。對將來的if條件虛擬。

9. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?

A. rains     B. were to rain     C. would rain   D. rain

【答案】B。如果明天下雨，我們做什么呢？對將來的if條件虛擬。

10. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet.

A. is to, should    B. were to, would     C. were going to, would  D. was going to, should

【答案】B。要是下雨了，我們會淋濕的。對將來的if條件虛擬。

11. If a better material ____, the strength of the part would have been increased.

A. had been used    B. had been using    C. being used    D. using

【答案】A 本句考察虛擬語氣。與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句應(yīng)該用過去完成時;又因?yàn)閙aterial 是use 的賓語，應(yīng)用被動式。

12. If you       that night, you might have been too late to get your ticket.

A. didn't hurry    B. hadn't hurried       C. wouldn't hurry      D. hadn't to hurry

【答案】B 從給出的主句看，本句為虛擬語氣，架設(shè)過去已發(fā)生的事情，因此從句用過去完成時。

13. With all this work on hand, she ______ to the dance party last night.

A. oughtn’t to go    B. hadn’t gone   C. shouldn’t have gone   D. mustn’t have gone

【答案】C 原句意思“她手頭還有這么多工作，昨晚本不應(yīng)去參加舞會”，對過去情況的虛擬用 “should have done”結(jié)構(gòu)。

14. He abandoned a career that ___ to his becoming one of the most influential people in the world.

A. could have led    B. would lead   C. should have led    D. must lead

【答案】A 本題考查情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬語氣的用法。與過去事實(shí)相反，是could/should have done，本可能/本應(yīng)該做…（但實(shí)際沒這樣做）。因?yàn)槭强陀^情況，不涉及是否應(yīng)該，所以選擇A could have done.

15. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.

A. arrived/would catch     B. arrived/would have caught  

C. had arrived/had caught   D. had arrived/would have caught

【答案】D。如果我們早10分鐘到，就趕上公交車了。If條件句對過去的虛擬。

16. ____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.

A．If I realized     B. Had I realized   C．Did I have realized that       D. As I realized

【答案】B 本題考察的是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣.條件狀語從句謂語動詞用had +過去分詞,主句謂語動詞用,should/would/could/might +have + 過去分詞.當(dāng)省略if 時,條件從句中的had 提前. 句意是“如果我意識到你這么忙,我就不拿我的這些問題來打擾你了.”

17. ___, I should ask them some questions.

A. Should they come to us     B. If they come to us

C. Were they come to us      D. Had they come to us

【答案】A 本題考查的是省略if的虛擬語氣的用法。從句中的助動詞had, were, should等要移至主語之前。如果他們來到我們身邊，我會問他們一些問題。

18. Had the weather been good, the children ___ out for a walk.

A. had gone   B. could have gone   C. would go    D. went

【答案】B。當(dāng)虛擬語氣中含有were, had, should, would等詞時， 可以省略if, 把這些詞放在主語之前。Should I meet her, I would tell her.萬一我見到他， 我會告訴他的。Were I in your position, I would do it better.如果我處在你的位置上， 我會做的更好。Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.如果他們準(zhǔn)備了的話， 他們應(yīng)該能成功的。本句為和過去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，因此選B。

19.  ___ today, he would get there for holiday.

A. Was he leaving   B. Were he to leave   C. Would he leave   D. If he leaves

【答案】B。如果他今天走的話，他就在那里度假了。對將來的虛擬。

20.  We ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.

A. would have lost   B. should lose       C. might lose       D. could have lost

【答案】A。要不是警察，我們都已經(jīng)沒命了。從句對過去，主句對現(xiàn)在。

21. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he______ to the meeting.

A. would have come   B. would come   C. could come       D. had come

【答案】A 本句考察虛擬語氣?！叭绻皇呛苊Φ脑挘蛱炀腿ラ_會了”，事實(shí)是他沒有去開會，所以是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句應(yīng)該用過去將來完成時，因此選A項would have come.

22. Without your help, we ____ so much.

A. didn’t achieve   B. would not have achieved   C. will not achieve   D. don’t achieve

【答案】B 本題考察的是虛擬語氣. without your help = if you had not helped us,表示與過去事實(shí)相反,主句謂語動詞用should/would/could/might + 動詞原形.故選B. 句意是“如果不是你幫助我們,我們就不會取得這么大的成就.”

23. Something must have happened on their way here. Or they ___ by now.

A. should have arrived   B. should arrive   C. would have arrived  D. would arrive

【答案】C。第一句是must+have +過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對過去事實(shí)的推測。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.路是濕的，昨晚上肯定下雨了。因此我們可以推斷：這是一個和過去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。should +have +過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對過去動作的責(zé)備、批評。如：You should have gone over your lessons.你應(yīng)當(dāng)把功課復(fù)習(xí)好的。但是此句只是一個表示和過去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬句子，并沒有責(zé)備的意思。本句的意思是：“路上肯定出事了。否則，他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到了。”因此正確答案應(yīng)該是C.

24. But for the rain, we ____ a nice holiday.

A. should have    B. would have had   C. would have    D. will have had

【答案】B 這是含蓄條件句，表示“如果不……則我們已經(jīng)……了”，故選B。but for：如果不是因?yàn)椤?，要不是……。句意為：如果不是因?yàn)橄掠?，我們本可以好好度假。Would have done 表示對過去事實(shí)的虛擬。

25. But for my classmates’ help, I ___the work in time.

A. did not finish    B. could not finish    C. will not finish    D. would not have finished

【答案】D  此句是含有含蓄條件句“but for my classmate's help"的句子.因此要選擇一個虛擬語氣的句子。因?yàn)槭呛瓦^去的事實(shí)相反,因此D為正確答案。本句的意思是：“要不是同學(xué)們的幫助．我是不會按時完成任務(wù)的

26. If you_____ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.

A. hadn’t watched    B. haven’t watched  C. wouldn’t have watched      D. didn’t watch

【答案】A 此題考察虛擬語氣，假設(shè)“如果你昨晚沒看那場電影”，事實(shí)是看了，因此句意與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時。

27. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.

A.  had listened, would have known   B.  listened, would know 

C.  listened, would have known      D.  had listened, would know

【答案】D。如果他認(rèn)真聽了課，他就會知道這個問題的答案了。錯綜虛擬語氣，前半句對過去，后半句對現(xiàn)在。

28. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow.

---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting.

A.  don’t have  B.  didn’t have   C.  will not have   D.  would not have

【答案】B。我以為你明天才回來呢。要是不用開會，我就明天回來了。If從句對現(xiàn)在虛擬。

29. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are    B. were    C. would be    D. would have been

【答案】C。如果你聽了醫(yī)生的話，你現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)好了。前面對過去，后面對現(xiàn)在。

30. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn't have fallen   B. had not fallen C. should fall   D. were to fall

【答案】B。如果我沒有在7歲的時候迷上Melinda Cox圖書館，很難想像我現(xiàn)在在做什么。

31. She says she’d rather he _____ tomorrow instead of today.

A. leaves   B. left   C. leave    D. would leave

【答案】B?？疾焯摂M語氣，would rather后面賓語從句要用過去時，表示虛擬語氣，此句描述將來

32. I’d ___ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.

A. rather    B. better    C. happier    D. further

【答案】A   I’d rather=I would rather：我寧愿……，后面接動詞原形和從句。接從句時，從句謂語用一般過去時表示虛擬。better的類似用法時had better(do)：最好……。C和D項與題意不符。

33. Peter wishes that he ___ law instead of literature when he was in college.

A. could study    B. studied    C. had studied   D. would study

【答案】C。wish 后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣，虛擬語氣中時態(tài)類似在非真實(shí)條件從句中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用——時態(tài)后移。與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反（用過去時），I wish I were you .但愿我是你多好?。∨c過去的事實(shí)相反的愿望（用過去完成時），I wish he hadn’t made the big mistake.他要是不犯那個大錯誤，該有多好！與將來的愿望相反即愿望難以實(shí)現(xiàn)（用過去將來時），I wish I could be of more use in the future.我希望我將來有點(diǎn)用處。

34. ---Did you see her off the day before yesterday?

----No, but I wish I_____.

A. were    B. did     C. had     D. would

【答案】C。本題考虛擬語氣。事實(shí)他前天沒有去，現(xiàn)在是他希望前天送了那個人，與過去事實(shí)相反，用had done。你前天有沒有去送他？沒有，我希望我送他了。

35. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ___ there.

A. were   B. would be   C. had been   D. will be

【答案】C。wish 后面的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反（用過去時）：主語+wish+從句（主語+過去時…）I wish I were you .但愿我是你多好?。∨c過去的事實(shí)相反的愿望（用過去完成時）:I wishe he hadn’t made the big mistake.他要是不犯那個大錯誤，該有多好！與將來的愿望相反即愿望難以實(shí)現(xiàn)（用過去將來時）I wish I could be of more use in the future.我希望我將來有點(diǎn)用處。

36. He recommended that John ______ with him.

A. must go    B. went    C. will go   D. go

【答案】D。他要求約翰和他一起去。Recommend后面的賓語從句用虛擬。

37. The doctor’s advice was that the patient ____ at once.

A. to be operated    B. being operated    C. be operated    D. operated

【答案】C 本題考查虛擬語氣，advise, insist等動詞后是接that sb. (shoud) do sth. 不用加to或變?yōu)閯用~, 其名詞形式advice, insistence后面動詞形式也一樣。此題又是被動形式。所以直接為be operated。

38. His mother insisted that he ___ the coat when going out.

A. put on      B. puts on    C. to put     D. putting on

【答案】A  insist：堅持做某事＋賓語從句中的動詞應(yīng)該用（should）+do形式，表示虛擬。

39. He asked that it ______ done right away.

A. is       B. be     C. shall be       D. must be

【答案】B。他要求這件事要立即做。Ask作為要求講的時候，賓語從句用虛擬。表達(dá)主觀愿望。

40. We demand that atomic weapons ____ .

A. be prohibited   B. will be prohibited   C. are prohibited   D. ought to be prohibited

【答案】A。我們要求禁止使用原子武器。Demand后面的賓語從句用虛擬。表達(dá)主觀愿望。

41. It is necessary that we ____ have a good command of English at college.

A. must    B. have to   C. should   D. ought to

【答案】C 本句考察虛擬語氣：It is necessary that sb. (should) do sth. 這是一個固定句型，表示“某人應(yīng)當(dāng)，必須作某事”。

42. I don’t think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience.

A. be assigned   B. is assigned   C. will be assigned   D. has been assigned

【答案】A “t advisable that......” 從句虛擬語氣“should do”should可省略。

43. It’s desired that she ___ to teach us at least twice a week.

A. comes    B. will come   C. come    D. may come

【答案】C 本題考查的是虛擬語氣的用法。在suggest, ask, decide, desire等詞表示建議，請求或命令的意思時，其后所跟的從句形式為should+動詞原形，should可以省略。她被要求一周叫我們兩次課。

44. It is highly desirable that a new president ___ for this university.

A. is appointed    B. will be appointed   C. be appointed    D. has been appointed

【答案】C 本題考察的是主語從句的虛擬語氣.其形式為:“It is +引起虛擬的形容詞或過去分詞 + that主語從句,謂語動詞用動詞原形或should +動詞原形.這樣的形容詞還有:advisable, appropriate, insistent, vital, preferable,essential等. 句意是“強(qiáng)烈希望這個大學(xué)有個新的校長被任命.”

45. It was proposed that the matter ______ discussed at the next meeting.

A. would be   B. will be    C. was         D. be

【答案】D。有人提議說這個問題下次會議的時候再討論。It is + 形容詞（或過去分詞）+ that... .的主語從句中，表示要求，建議，提議，命令，請求等，從句的謂語用“should（可省略） +原形動詞（或完成式）構(gòu)成”。

46. Her suggestion that everybody ___ was not appreciated.

A. sing a song    B. sang a song    C. sung a song    D. singing a song

【答案】A。本句測試虛擬語氣在同位從句中的用法。在suggestion, proposal, request，order 等名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從句中，用（should ）+動詞原形，表示虛擬，should常常省略。又如：My suggestion is that we （should） send a few people to help the other groups.我的建議是我們派幾個人去幫助其他的小組。

47. The general’s command was that the soldiers ___ their fort and carry out more important tasks.

A. would leave   B. leave   C. left   D. have left

【答案】B。本句測試虛擬語氣在表語從句的用法。在suggestion, proposal, request，order 等名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從句中，用“(should )+動詞原形，表示虛擬，should常常省略。又如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.我的建議是我們派幾個人去幫助其他小組

48. My suggestion yesterday was that a meeting ______ to discuss the matter.

A. should hold         B. must be held       C. would be held       D. be held

【答案】D此題考查的是虛擬語氣。關(guān)鍵詞在suggestion, 與suggest有關(guān)的形式都要與虛擬語氣掛鉤。會議是“被舉行”，故用被動。

49. My idea is that we ______ the challenge.

A. ought accept   B. will accept   C. accept   D. are accepted

【答案】C。我的想法是我們應(yīng)該接受挑戰(zhàn)。表示建議，要求，提議，命令，請求等意思有關(guān)的同位語從句和表語從句中，從句謂語用“should（可省略）+ 原形動詞”，

50. Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable.

A. will wait   B. is going to wait   C. waits    D. wait

【答案】D。你的建議，她應(yīng)該等到下周，是合理的。

51. It’s high time we_______ something to stop traffic accident．

A do     B will do    C. did  D must do

【答案】C  It is high/about time 引導(dǎo)的句子中要求使用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞用過去式.句意是“我們該做些什么去停止交通事故.”

52. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.

A. had known      B. would know      C. should know     D. knew

【答案】D。要是我能像你一樣知道如何操作這個電子計算機(jī)就好了。固定句型虛擬。

53. Let’s finish our homework in a few seconds; it’s time we _____.

A.played football  B. will play football  C. play football     D. are playing football

【答案】A 本句考查1t is time that從句(謂語動詞用過去時表示虛擬)。

54. He talks as if he ___ everything in the world.

A. knows      B. knew    C. had known    D. would have known

【答案】B    as if “似乎，好像”引導(dǎo)的從句表虛擬，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句中的動詞用一般過去時表示虛擬，故選B。句意為：他講起話來好像知道世界上所有的事一樣。

55. Written applications should be sent to us in case ___ some problems with the electric version.

A. there will be    B. there is    C. there be    D. there was

【答案】C。in case 引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣，should +原形動詞，should 可以省略。