2019年學(xué)位英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解（時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣）

學(xué)位英語(yǔ)試題精講：綜合訓(xùn)練（時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣）

1. I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I ___ him earlier.

A. had a telephone   B. have phoned   C. should have phoned    D. should be phoned

【答案】C。should（ought to）+have+過(guò)去分詞：表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。You should have gone over your lessons.你們應(yīng)把功課復(fù)習(xí)好。You shouldn’t have watched TV last night.你們昨天晚上不應(yīng)該看電視。

2. Don’t you think it is time you ___ smoking?

A. give up    B. gave up    C. would give up   D. should give up

【答案】B    It is time sb did sth：該是做某事的時(shí)候了，固定用法，句中的動(dòng)詞使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示。

3. I would have joined him in a picnic, but I _____ his company.

 A. will not like   B. don’t like          C. had not liked     D. might not like

【答案】B本題的題干是一個(gè)表示虛擬的句子，但是后面的句子表示真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣的。因此正確答案為B。本句的意思是：“我本來(lái)想?yún)⒓铀囊安偷?，但是我不喜歡他的伙伴們?！?nbsp;       

4. I wish you ___ to me before you went and bought that car.

A. spoke    B. will speak    C. was going to speak    D. had spoken

【答案】D   句中before后面的動(dòng)作時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，表明已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，故B錯(cuò)；因“我希望（I wish）”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在before從句中的動(dòng)作之前，所以選過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故D正確?！皐ish+賓語(yǔ)從句”表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬：sb wish that … had done，表示“應(yīng)該發(fā)生而實(shí)際沒(méi)有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”。

5. ___the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.

A. If he took   B. If he should take    C. Were he to take   D. Had he taken

【答案】D 此句測(cè)試虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。此句為和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬句，if省略，句子倒裝。因此D最符合題意。本句的意思是：“如果他聽(tīng)了朋友們的勸告,他的生意就不會(huì)這么損失慘重。”

6. It’s vital that enough money _____ collected to get the project started.

 A. is     B. be    C must be     D. can be

【答案】B 此題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。形容詞vital后面連接主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候要虛擬語(yǔ)氣should+動(dòng)詞原形。因此B為正確答案。

7. I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ___ next month for a dinner.

A. come    B. would come   C. came   D. have come

【答案】C。would rather +句子（過(guò)去時(shí)）（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）：I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said.你最好別告訴任何人我所說(shuō)的話。I’d rather you came with me. 你還是和我一起來(lái)吧。

8. I believe he ___ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.

A. would have had   B. could have had    C. should have had   D. must have had

【答案】D    主語(yǔ)+must+have+過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.路是濕的，昨晚肯定下雨了。I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)電話玲響，我肯定是睡著了。

9. It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.

A.will be arranged   B. must be arranged  C.  be arranged   D. would be arranged

【答案】C It is (was)＋adj形容詞/過(guò)去分詞＋that……結(jié)構(gòu)中形容詞后的主語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、可能、適當(dāng)、迫切、重要等；should可省略。常用的形容詞由natural, appropriate, advisable, preferable, better, necessary, important, imperative, urgent, essential, vital, probable, possible, compulsory, crucial, desirable等。

10. You have stayed at home for two days. It’s time you_____ for a walk.

A. go out    B. went out     C. will go out    D. would go out

【答案】B。虛擬語(yǔ)氣。固定句型It’s time that+過(guò)去式。他說(shuō)你在家呆了兩天了，該是你出去散步了。

11. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ____ the same language?

A. spoke     B. speak    C. had spoken   D. will speak

【答案】A   do you think是主句，后面的部分是賓語(yǔ)從句，而賓語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)包含if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句；there would be判斷, if從句中可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)spoke，表示現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。句意為; 你如果認(rèn)為人們都說(shuō)同樣的語(yǔ)言，世界上就會(huì)少些沖突嗎？

12. The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ___ an operation right away so as to save his life.

A. had    B. would have    C. have    D. was going to have

【答案】C     advise 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，動(dòng)詞用（should）+do形式。

13. Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I ___it to you.”

A. will return    B. must return      C. could return    D. would have returned

【答案】D 此句測(cè)試虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。因?yàn)轭}干中有句話had I seen your bag，表示和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的句子，if省略，因此D為正確答案。本句的意思是：瑪麗對(duì)我說(shuō)：如果我看見(jiàn)了你的書(shū)包，我會(huì)還給你的。

14. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth_____ well.

  A. would not grow   B. will not grow   C. had not grown   D. would not be grown

【答案】A  本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。without引導(dǎo)含蓄的虛擬條件句,本句與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反因此選A。又如：Without electricity，there would not be modern industry 如果沒(méi)有電的話，就沒(méi)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。

15. It is desirable that he ___.

A. gives up trying    B. give up trying   C. would give up trying   D. is going to give up trying

【答案】B。句型It is desirable （suggested，necessary，requested，ordered，proposed，important）+that+主語(yǔ)+should（可省略）+V（動(dòng)詞原形）。因此本句選B。如：It is strange that he（should）go himself.真奇怪，他怎么自己獨(dú)自去呢？