英語四六級語法：倒裝句之部分倒裝

在出現(xiàn)以下情況時，需要使用部分倒裝：

情況一：only修飾的狀語（副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句）位于句首；

如：Only after three operations was he able to walk.

做過三次手術(shù)之后，他才能行走。

值得注意的是，當only修飾主語時，則不倒裝。

如：Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.

只有那位女生知道怎樣解那道題。

情況二：含有否定意義的副詞（never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等）位于句首；

如：Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.

我一生很少見過這么勇敢的人。

Little did he realize the danger he faced.

他幾乎沒有認識到他面臨的危險。

情況三：so/neither/nor開頭的句子，說明前面的內(nèi)容也適用于后者時，用倒裝句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助動詞／情態(tài)動詞＋主語”。

如：John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.

約翰不會講日語，海倫也不會。

情況四：not only...(but also)...位于句首引導兩個分句時，前一個分句中的主謂要采用部分倒裝，第二個分句則不倒裝。

如：Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels.

他不但在學校教書，而且還寫小說。

典型例題：

1. Why can't I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

答案A. 當否定詞語置于句首以表示強調(diào)時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

2. Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know

答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我們知道知識點為倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個。

改寫為正常語序為，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。

3.No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began B. has the game begun

C. did the game begin D. had the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時，一般采用倒裝句（謂語前置）。

注意：只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。

4.---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

---I don't know，_____.

A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

答案：B. nor為增補意思"也不關(guān)心"，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯在用 don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不對且缺乏連詞。D缺乏連詞。

注意：當so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。例如：

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 湯姆邀我去踢球，我去了。

---It's raining hard. ---So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。