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Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.
1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward
10. [A] so [B] while [C] since [D] unless
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
16. [A] computed [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies
20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without
SectionⅠUse of English
文章分析
本文是一篇關(guān)于肥胖與健康關(guān)系新說(shuō)法的議論文。第一段引出作者對(duì)身材的看法:并不是越瘦就證明人越健康。第二段中作者介紹了一種定義肥胖癥的指標(biāo) BMI。第三段中作者指出 BMI 其實(shí)揭示的是人體的脂肪量,并不是說(shuō)明身材好壞的指數(shù)。第四段中講述了整個(gè)社會(huì)其實(shí)會(huì)給肥胖者貼上消極標(biāo)簽,無(wú)論是在電視節(jié)目中還是在孩子們的心目中,胖人的形象總是與消極聯(lián)系起來(lái)。最后一段講述了人們以健康的角度去考慮肥胖的影響,和已經(jīng)采取的一些對(duì)抗肥胖的種種策略。
試題解析
Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have __1__ that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are healthy conditions for which being overweight is actually __2__. For example, heavierwomen are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. __3__,among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an __4__ of good health.
【譯文】太瘦也不總是好事。一些研究已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論:正常體重的人實(shí)際上比一些超重的人更容易患上某些疾病。有些肥胖對(duì)健康還有保護(hù)作用。例如稍微超重的女性跟消瘦的女性相比,不易受到鈣質(zhì)缺乏的影響。同樣的,在老年人中,一定程度上超重是身體健康的標(biāo)志。
1.[A] denied 否認(rèn) [B] concluded 得出結(jié)論 [C] doubled 兩倍,加倍努力 [D] ensured 確保
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“一系列的研究已經(jīng)________,事實(shí)上,正常體重的人患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要高于超重的人”。根據(jù)句義,后面的部分實(shí)際上是研究結(jié)論,因此 B 項(xiàng) concluded 符合題意。
【命題思路】本題根據(jù)上下文所給信息判斷答案,同時(shí)也考查考生對(duì)相近含義的詞匯辨析。
【干擾排除】A 項(xiàng) denied“否認(rèn)”,與原文意義相反;C 項(xiàng) doubled“翻倍”,與題意較遠(yuǎn);D 項(xiàng) ensured“確?!?,不符合題意,因?yàn)檠芯坎荒艽_保后面的事實(shí),只能得出后面的事實(shí)作為結(jié)論。
2.[A] protective 防護(hù)的,保護(hù)的 [B] dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的 [C] sufficient 足夠的,充分的 [D] troublesome 麻煩的
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“對(duì)于某些健康情況,超重事實(shí)上是有________”。根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)論,下文的舉例說(shuō)明是對(duì)該句的具體論述。綜上可知,超重能減少罹患疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),說(shuō)明超重具有一定的保護(hù)作用。
【命題思路】本題根據(jù)上下文所給信息判斷答案,同時(shí)也考查考生對(duì)形容詞的辨析。
【干擾排除】句首以 And 開(kāi)頭,說(shuō)明在語(yǔ)義上該句與上一句是并列相關(guān)的,強(qiáng)調(diào)肥胖對(duì)健康的好處。B項(xiàng)dangerous“危險(xiǎn)的”,與文章意思相反;C 項(xiàng) sufficient“充足的”,D 項(xiàng) troublesome“麻煩的”,不符合題意。
3.[A] Instead 代替,反而 [B] However 然而,不管怎樣 [C] Likewise 同樣地 [D] Therefore 因此
【答案】C
【考點(diǎn)】邏輯關(guān)系
【直擊答案】第四、五句話舉例說(shuō)明?!绑w重較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦的女人。________,在老年人中,一定程度上超重是身體健康的________”。需要填入的是和前半句表示順接的詞語(yǔ)。A項(xiàng)Instead和B項(xiàng)However 表示逆接的句意關(guān)系,D 項(xiàng) Therefore 表示因果關(guān)系。只有 C 項(xiàng) Likewise“同樣地;也,而且”,表示順接關(guān)系,符合題意。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的理解。
【干擾排除】這個(gè)題目的難點(diǎn)在于為什么不能將最后一句理解為跟上文相反的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系呢,比如:然而,在老年人中,一定程度上超重是身體健康的(克星/障礙),但是下文的第四個(gè)空給的備選詞并沒(méi)有類(lèi)似括號(hào)里我們猜測(cè)的消極含義詞匯,所以,所猜想的轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)義關(guān)系也不成立,只能選表示順接關(guān)系的詞匯 likewise。
4.[A] indicator 指標(biāo) [B] objective 目標(biāo) [C] origin 來(lái)源 [D] example 實(shí)例;例證
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“同樣的,一定程度上超重,經(jīng)常是健康的________”。根據(jù)前面的文章內(nèi)容,已經(jīng)明確指出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指標(biāo)。因此正確答案為 A 項(xiàng)。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)義的正確把握。
【干擾排除】干擾性強(qiáng)的是 B 項(xiàng),有考生會(huì)將其理解為“客觀物質(zhì)”,但原文結(jié)構(gòu)中此處需要一個(gè)名詞,objective“客觀的”是形容詞, objective 作名詞時(shí)意為“目標(biāo)”,另有考生被形近詞 objection“反對(duì)”干擾。
Of even greater __5__ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined __6__ body mass index, or BMI. BMI __7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, __8__,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
【譯文】需要更加關(guān)注是,很難對(duì)肥胖加以定義。肥胖經(jīng)常根據(jù)身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)來(lái)定義,或叫做 BMI,它等于身體重量除以身高平方。正常成年人的是 BMI 值應(yīng)該在 18~25 之間。25~30 的話視為超重。30 以上視為肥胖。肥胖依次能夠分為中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖。
5.[A] impact 影響,效果 [B] relevance 相關(guān)性 [C] assistance 輔助 [D] concern 關(guān)系,關(guān)心
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“需要更加________是,很難對(duì)肥胖加以定義”。前文已經(jīng)說(shuō)到肥胖事實(shí)上有利健康,但是又面臨一個(gè)問(wèn)題,到底如何去定義肥胖,因此需要更加關(guān)注的是對(duì)肥胖的定義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以正確答案為 D 項(xiàng)。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)義的正確把握。
【干擾排除】A 項(xiàng) impact“影響,效果”,B 項(xiàng) relevance“相關(guān)性”,C 項(xiàng) assistance“輔助”此處空格前有 even greater來(lái)修飾,將這幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)的名詞含義代入檢測(cè),都與上文沒(méi)有必要的相關(guān)性,所以都不可作為答案。
6.[A] in terms of 依據(jù),根據(jù) [B] in case of 萬(wàn)一,假設(shè) [C] in favor of 有利于,支持 [D] in respect of 關(guān)于,涉及
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“肥胖經(jīng)常________體質(zhì)指數(shù),或稱(chēng)為 BMI 來(lái)定義”。下文根據(jù) BMI 指數(shù)的不同對(duì)肥胖進(jìn)行了分級(jí)。由此可知,BMI 是一種根據(jù)。A 項(xiàng) in terms of 意為“根據(jù)…… ,就…… 而言”,符合句意,為正確答案。在醫(yī)學(xué)研究和臨床測(cè)試中經(jīng)常使用 BMI 作為衡量受試者健康的重要指標(biāo),希望考生能夠記住這一背景知識(shí),方便日后做題。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)句意的理解,并考查常見(jiàn)詞組的辨析。
【干擾排除】B 項(xiàng) in case of“萬(wàn)一,假設(shè)”,C 項(xiàng) in favor of“贊成,以……來(lái)取代”,D 項(xiàng) in respect of “關(guān)于”。將此三項(xiàng)代入文中,均不符合題意。這些短語(yǔ)的考查頻率非常高,有些已經(jīng)成為真題中常見(jiàn)的干擾項(xiàng),同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)要加強(qiáng)記憶。
7.[A] measures 測(cè)量 [B] determines 決定 [C] equals 等同于 [D] modifies 修改
【答案】C
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“BMI________體重除以身高的平方”。此處用文字?jǐn)⑹隽?BMI 指數(shù)得出的方法,也就是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)公式,所以 equals 符合題意。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)句意的理解,并考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【干擾排除】A 項(xiàng)是強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng),有考生看到空格后面是一些計(jì)算 BMI 的方法,可能在不太清楚句意的時(shí)候會(huì)聯(lián)想到“測(cè)量”的概念,實(shí)際上這里需要選擇“所指,等同于”的概念。
8.[A] in essence 本質(zhì)上 [B] in contrast 相反 [C] in turn 輪流,依次 [D] in part 部分地
【答案】C
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“肥胖________能夠分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,本句是將肥胖依次分級(jí),分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),A 項(xiàng) in essence“事實(shí)上,本質(zhì)上”,B 項(xiàng) in contrast“相反地”,C 項(xiàng) in turn“依次”,D 項(xiàng) in part“部分地”,C 項(xiàng)符合題意。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)句意的理解,并考查相似介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。
【干擾排除】此處需要一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)來(lái)順成上下文的關(guān)系,由于下文也沒(méi)有揭示肥胖構(gòu)成的事實(shí),所以 A 項(xiàng)不成立。上下文不存在對(duì)立關(guān)系,所以不能選 B 項(xiàng)。D 項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)義。
While such numerical standards seem __9__, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, __10__ others with a low BMI may be in poor __11__. For example, many collegiate and professional football players __12__ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a __13__ BMI.
【譯文】雖然這些數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來(lái)直截了當(dāng),實(shí)際卻不是這樣。肥胖相比體重而言,更強(qiáng)調(diào)脂肪含量。有些人BMI值很高,但是身材卻相當(dāng)好,有些人BMI值雖然低,但是體型卻很差。例如,有些職業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員被認(rèn)為很胖,但是身體脂肪量卻很低。相反,一些小個(gè)頭的胖子BMI值卻正常。
9.[A] complicated 復(fù)雜的,難懂的 [B] conservative 保守的 [C] variable 可變的,易變的 [D]straightforward 簡(jiǎn)單的,直接的
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“相比之下,這樣的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來(lái)________,實(shí)際上不是的”。這里的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指肥胖指數(shù),且下文也講述了 BMI 指數(shù)的高低并不與身材的好壞成正比,只是這些數(shù)字看起來(lái)好像能反映與身材之間的關(guān)系而已。D 項(xiàng) straightforward“直截了當(dāng)?shù)摹?,符合題意,因此為正確答案。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)義的理解,并考查形容詞辨析。
【干擾排除】肥胖指數(shù)分為三類(lèi),而且算法比較簡(jiǎn)單,所以 A 項(xiàng) complicated“復(fù)雜的”不正確。B conservative“保守的”,用于描述一種數(shù)學(xué)公式,不恰當(dāng)。一名患者或一名受試者的 BMI 一般是確定的,因此C項(xiàng)variable“可變的”也不符合題意。
10.[A] so 所以 [B] while 然而 [C] since 既然,自從 [D] unless 除非
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】邏輯關(guān)系
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“一些人有很高的 BMI,實(shí)際上身材正好,________其他人有較低的 BMI 指數(shù),可能________”。從前半句可看出,有些人的 BMI 指數(shù)很高,應(yīng)該屬于體重肥胖的人,事實(shí)上身材正好,這里說(shuō)明的是反常的現(xiàn)象,后半句是其他人的 BMI 指數(shù)較低,而________較差。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 while 有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意,所以正確答案為 B 項(xiàng)。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)義關(guān)系的正確把握。
【干擾排除】A 項(xiàng)表示因果關(guān)系,C 項(xiàng)表示原因或讓步關(guān)系,D 項(xiàng)表示讓步關(guān)系,都不能體現(xiàn)上下文之間的對(duì)立關(guān)系,非正確答案。
11.[A] shape 形狀,身材 [B] spirit 精神,心靈 [C] balance 平衡,勻稱(chēng) [D] taste 味道,品味
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】本句可簡(jiǎn)化為:Some … are fit, while others …may be in poor ________.從中可看出前后意義相反,且fit(體型健康的)與in poor ______對(duì)應(yīng),與之最相關(guān)是A項(xiàng)shape“外形”,故為正確答案。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)句意的正確把握。
【干擾排除】根據(jù)上面分析,只要看出前后兩句之間明顯的對(duì)立且對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,將其他干擾答案項(xiàng)代入,“精神”、“均衡”、“品味”都與原文相差較遠(yuǎn),可以排除。
12.[A] start 開(kāi)始,啟動(dòng) [B] qualify 使有資格,被認(rèn)為 [C] retire 退休 [D] stay 停留,堅(jiān)持
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】本句順應(yīng)前文意義:有一些人體型很好,有些人體型肥胖。接著舉例說(shuō)有些專(zhuān)業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員____是肥胖的,然而他們的身體脂肪量卻很低。B 項(xiàng) qualify“被認(rèn)為”符合句意,正確。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文句意的正確把握。
【干擾排除】將 A、C、D 項(xiàng)代入文中,“開(kāi)始”、“退休”和“停留”不符合句意。
13.[A] strange 奇怪的 [B] changeable 可改變的 [C] normal 正常的 [D] constant 不變的,恒定的
【答案】C
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】干擾排除本句不難理解,因?yàn)榫涫子?conversely 與上文構(gòu)成語(yǔ)義對(duì)立, 講有些人個(gè)頭小,脂肪量過(guò)高,但是BMI卻____。所需詞匯明顯是積極方向的,C項(xiàng)“正常的”,為正確答案。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文句意的正確把握。
【干擾排除】根據(jù)句意,排除 A、B 項(xiàng)。D 項(xiàng)屬于比較中性的詞,且不符合句意。
Today we have a(an) __14__ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes __15__ in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes __16__with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. __17__very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
【譯文】今天我們都有向肥胖貼歧視標(biāo)簽的趨勢(shì)。媒體中呈現(xiàn)肥胖者時(shí)通常把他們的臉蓋起來(lái)。與肥胖聯(lián)系起來(lái)的原型總是包括懶惰,缺乏意志力,對(duì)成功的期望值不高。教師,雇員和健康工作者都是對(duì)肥胖抱有偏見(jiàn)。甚至小孩子也看不起肥胖的者,在學(xué)校嘲笑身材體型不好的同學(xué)一直是一個(gè)存在的問(wèn)題。
14.[A] option 選擇(權(quán)) [B] reason 原因 [C] opportunity 機(jī)會(huì) [D] tendency 趨勢(shì)
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在的后半句:to label obesity as disgrace(給肥胖貼上丟人的標(biāo)簽),作為空格處的后置定語(yǔ)。下文也在講述媒體、老師、雇員、健康工作者和孩子們都傾向于鄙視肥胖癥的。D 項(xiàng)符合句意。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文信息的理解。
【干擾排除】將 A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng),“選擇(權(quán))”、“理由”、“機(jī)會(huì)”代入空格處,均與文意不符。
15.[A] employed 雇傭 [B] pictured 描繪 [C] imitated 模仿 [D] monitored 監(jiān)控
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】上句提到了我們都傾向于給肥胖貼上歧視的標(biāo)簽,空格所在句提到了媒體,媒體中將肥胖者的面部成像都進(jìn)行了面部隱藏處理。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,跟媒體相關(guān)的詞匯只有 C 項(xiàng) picture“刻畫(huà),描寫(xiě),描述”,因此為正確答案。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)句意的理解,并考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【干擾排除】此處所提供的選項(xiàng)都是過(guò)去分詞作 the overweight 的后置定語(yǔ),A 項(xiàng)代入后可理解為“被媒體雇傭的肥胖者”,但是后面的介詞應(yīng)該用 by。C、D 兩項(xiàng)代入后語(yǔ)義與全文不符。
16.[A] computed 計(jì)算 [B] combined 聯(lián)合 [C] settled 固定 [D] associated 聯(lián)系
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“肥胖會(huì)與原型___包括懶惰、缺乏意志力和對(duì)成功的期望值不高”??崭窈竺嫣岬降膽卸?、缺乏意志力和對(duì)成功的期望值不高都是與肥胖進(jìn)行的人為關(guān)聯(lián),分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),D 項(xiàng) associated“聯(lián)系”,符合句意。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)句意的理解,并考查動(dòng)詞辨析。
【干擾排除】首先在結(jié)構(gòu)上能與 with 構(gòu)成搭配四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。但是 A 項(xiàng)因?yàn)榕c原文語(yǔ)義差別較大,可首先排除。B 項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)“聯(lián)合”,與原文的“聯(lián)系”有細(xì)微的差別,語(yǔ)義上不能說(shuō)“原型與某些品質(zhì)聯(lián)合”。
17.[A] Even 甚至 [B] Still 仍然 [C] Yet 然而 [D] Only 僅僅
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】邏輯關(guān)系
【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“是___小孩子蔑視超重,而且對(duì)身材的嘲笑一直是學(xué)校的一個(gè)問(wèn)題”??崭袢鄙僖粋€(gè)副詞,構(gòu)成與上文的聯(lián)系。上文講到了大人們都在歧視肥胖(教師、雇員、健康工作者)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,此處應(yīng)該填入表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞匯,分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有 A 項(xiàng) Even “即使”符合題意。
【命題思路】本題考查上下文的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。
【干擾排除】B 項(xiàng)Still表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系時(shí)其后一般要加逗號(hào)。C項(xiàng)Yet用表示上下文的對(duì)立關(guān)系中。D項(xiàng)Only引導(dǎo)條件關(guān)系,與原文語(yǔ)義不符。
Negative attitudes toward obesity, __18__ in health concerns, have stimulated a number of antiobesity __19__. My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high visibility campaign __20__ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.
【譯文】基于健康考慮的對(duì)肥胖的消極態(tài)度,已經(jīng)引發(fā)一系列的對(duì)抗肥胖的相關(guān)措施。我自己工作的醫(yī)院的供飲設(shè)備已經(jīng)停止發(fā)放含糖飲料。很多雇員已經(jīng)有了減肥健身的積極性。米歇爾奧巴馬已經(jīng)倡議發(fā)起一些明確的對(duì)抗兒童發(fā)胖的活動(dòng),甚至表明它是我們最大的安全威脅。
18.[A] despised 蔑視 [B] corrected 修正 [C] ignored 忽視 [D] grounded 以……為基礎(chǔ)
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】空格前講到對(duì)肥胖的負(fù)面態(tài)度,空格后講到對(duì)健康的關(guān)注,激發(fā)一批反肥胖的________。本句沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何轉(zhuǎn)折詞,說(shuō)明空格前后所表達(dá)的意思是一致的,反對(duì)肥胖,是基于對(duì)健康的關(guān)注。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng),能夠表達(dá)此意思的詞匯,只有 D 項(xiàng) grounded“基于”。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文的語(yǔ)義的理解。
【干擾排除】此空是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ),修飾本句主語(yǔ) negative attitudes,意為“……的健康關(guān)注”,將其他三項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義“受到健康關(guān)注的輕視”“基于健康關(guān)注的修正”和“對(duì)健康關(guān)注的忽視”代進(jìn)去都與原文語(yǔ)義不符,因此不可選。
19.[A] discussions 論述,討論 [B] businesses 商業(yè),交易 [C] policies 政策 [D] studies 研究,學(xué)習(xí)
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】解答此題需要聯(lián)系空格后面緊跟著的句子??蘸蟮木渥映霈F(xiàn)了一系列表示同一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)的詞匯,如 hospital system,ban,many employers institute, 指向的意思是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中所出臺(tái)的政策的問(wèn)題。瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng),D項(xiàng)policies 符合題意,直接入選。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)上下文的語(yǔ)義的理解。
【干擾排除】D 項(xiàng)是強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng),代入原文與空格部分形成“對(duì)抗肥胖的研究”,但此含義與下文出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)不吻合,因?yàn)椤把芯俊币话愣喑鲎杂跈C(jī)構(gòu),科研院所等層面的場(chǎng)所,醫(yī)院更多是治病救人的地方。
20.[A] for 為了 [B] against 反對(duì),對(duì)立 [C] with 隨著 [D] without 沒(méi)有
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨析
【直擊答案】本段的主題是反對(duì)肥胖,本句話屬于細(xì)節(jié)的句子,用來(lái)支持主題,空格所在句講到米歇爾·奧巴馬已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個(gè)高知名度的活動(dòng)____兒童肥胖,甚至告訴奧茲博士,它代表了我們最大的安全威脅??崭裨~匯應(yīng)該含有“反對(duì),反抗”的意思??v觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有 B 項(xiàng) against 符合題意。
【命題思路】本題考查對(duì)句子意思的理解。
【干擾排除】其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)使用代入法驗(yàn)證, A 項(xiàng) for“對(duì)于,因?yàn)椤备蓴_性強(qiáng),代入原文意為“關(guān)于兒童肥胖的活動(dòng)”,與原文語(yǔ)義不符,故不正確。
核心詞匯
deficiency n. 缺陷,缺點(diǎn) obesity n. 肥大,肥胖
overweight n. 超重 define vt. 給……下定義,解釋?zhuān)幌薅?,?guī)定
divide vt.劃分,除 collegiate a. 大學(xué)的,學(xué)院的
conversely ad.相反地 frame n. 框架,結(jié)構(gòu)
disgrace n. 恥辱 v.使…… 失寵,丟臉 prospect n. 前景;景象
tease vt. 戲弄,取笑 harbor n. 海港 vt.庇護(hù),懷有
bias n. 偏見(jiàn),偏心,偏袒 vt.使有偏見(jiàn) stimulate vt. 刺激,激勵(lì)
facility n. 設(shè)施,工具 security n. 安全,保障;抵押品;[pl.] 證券
長(zhǎng)難句分析
A number of studies have concluded that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.
【分析】該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,句子的主干是 studies haveconcluded that,賓語(yǔ)由 that 引導(dǎo)的從句組成。從句主干是 people are higher risk, 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) compared to…作 diseases 的后置定語(yǔ),從句的后半部分還嵌有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 who are overweight,該句的先行詞是 those,指那些肥胖的人。
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