2019年考研英語一新題型

Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）

A. These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. Learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.

B.Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.

C.None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.

D.Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions-like, say, tennis games. Paris of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.

E.  In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People , Dale Carnegie wrote: “there is only one way…to get the

best of an argument-and that is to avoid it. “This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.

F.These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition, you can win by cheating as long as you don’t get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win-in one way.

G.There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “yes,” and I yell. “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that full-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.

【答案】41、E    42、D    43、G    44、B     45、A

【解析】

41. G段落開頭為there is a better way…出現(xiàn)一個(gè)比較級，說明是和前面的一個(gè)方法相比較，因此不能做段首；A段落these tools開頭，出現(xiàn)代詞，不能組為段首；B段落many discussions are not so successful，出現(xiàn)詞匯so，為代詞，指代上面說的successful discussion，因此不能做句首；這樣只剩D和E段落，D段落開頭Carnegie would be right if…，這里出現(xiàn)了對人物觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行正確與否的判斷，判斷正確與否的前提是首先要提到此人的存在以及其觀點(diǎn)具體是什么，所以D段落不能為段首，因此此題答案為E。

42、首段提及到Carnegie以及他書中的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)人物線索，本題優(yōu)先選擇出現(xiàn)人物復(fù)現(xiàn)的段落，瀏覽剩余的段落發(fā)現(xiàn)只有選項(xiàng)D出現(xiàn)了Carnegie這個(gè)人。對這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)稍加分析得知，第一段論述了Carnegie書中的觀點(diǎn)，D選項(xiàng)論述作者對此觀點(diǎn)的評論，符合立論型文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。再者，根據(jù)已知段落F句首出現(xiàn)的代詞指代線索也能得出答案。F首句提到These views of arguments與D段落尾句中的this kind of thinking 為同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此D為正確答案。

43、該選項(xiàng)位于F項(xiàng)之后，F(xiàn)段最后一句“but they can help you win-in one way”中有“help you win-in one way”，而G段首句“There is a better way to win arguments.”的“a better way to win”是對“help you win-in one way”的進(jìn)一步說明。因此G段則接著F段。

44、本題位置為C的上一段。所以我們只需找到一段的尾句可以與C段首句進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)即可。C段的第一句話：None of this will be easy…others refuse to…，句意為這樣不容易，即使別人拒絕，但你可以開始…下文繼續(xù)提到從反方面來對待你的觀點(diǎn)。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)B項(xiàng)最后一句話提到了recognize weakness…accept …on the opposite side…，此處opposite和refuse均為同義復(fù)現(xiàn)的替換詞。此外，B項(xiàng)段尾是從心理上對待相反的論點(diǎn)，而C段中state…ask…spell…assess等均為做出的行動(dòng)。先有想法再付諸行動(dòng)的順序也符合了B在前C在后，所以正確答案為B。

45、已知段落C段末尾兩句話講到Next time you state your position… Next time you talk with someone who… Assess its strength…由此可知段落講的都是一些幫助取得辯論勝利的做法技巧，這與A段落開頭的These tools can help you win every argument構(gòu)成了呼應(yīng)，尤其是C段后Next time you talk with someone who 與A段開頭but in the better sense of learning about the issues…同時(shí)都在講對于別人觀點(diǎn)的看法。因此確定答案選A選項(xiàng)。

【試題點(diǎn)評】新題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)分析理解長難句的能力。新題型有三種題型，不同的題型考查的重點(diǎn)不同，因此有不同的解題思路和技巧，需要考生全面把握，尤其是對于完形填句（段）題和排序題，是對語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測試，因此在要求上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于小標(biāo)題選擇題和觀點(diǎn)例證題，考生有必要對這類題型的答題思路多練習(xí)，以提高自己在這個(gè)部分的能力。具體相關(guān)考點(diǎn)和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)強(qiáng)化階段英語強(qiáng)化班部分有重點(diǎn)講解。