2012年南京師范大學考博英語真題

考博英語責任編輯：王覓 2019-03-27

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Part Ⅳ Cloze (10 points)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major 61 to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful 62 on the economy in at least four ways:

Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 63 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and 64 of most highways the 65 of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily 66 for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation 67 are also the responsibilities of local government.

Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private 68 in many ways, for the 69 of assuring that business serves the best 70 of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a 71 , such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable 72 , but limits their ability to raise prices 73 , since the public depends on their services. Often control is 74 to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 75 in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.

Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by 76 tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also 77 the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.

Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to 78 and individuals. For example, tariffs 79 certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to 80 better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system.

61．A．economy B．horror C．magnifier D．element

62．A．elevation B．emotion C．effect D．election

63．A．dripping B．serving C．diverging D．clamping

64．A．clearance B．combustion C．commence D．maintenance

65．A．commonplace B．responsibility C．conductivity D．consequence

66．A．consoled B．compacted C．paid D．bracketed

67．A．services B．boycotts C．budgets D．charters

68．A．banquet B．boom C．arena D．enterprise

69．A．assertion B．purpose C．asset D．assumption

70．A．admiration B．interests C．adoption D．accuracy

71．A．monopoly B．acceptance C．abolition D．morality

72．A．proximity B．blend C．breast D．profit