2012年同濟(jì)大學(xué)考博英語真題

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Almost since the beginning of mankind, governments have been recording the numbers of their populace. The first known census report took place in 3800 B. C. in Babylonia for the purpose of deciding who should pay taxes. As time went by, governments found other, more creative uses for knowing their numbers. Egyptian King Ramses Ⅱused the census not only to determine who should pay taxes, but also to figure out how to divide land for farming and to decide who could provide manpower for various government projects. These new ideas came about in the mid-1200s-B. C.

William the Conqueror brought the concept of census taking to England in 1085. All landowners were required to name their holdings for the purpose of taxation. By the fifteenth century, Tudor kings found a new twist to the Egyptians' use of the census. They too used the population count as a means of getting ready manpower for important government project' namely, replenishing troops in the ongoing battles in western Europe.

A rebellious tide swept over England, however, in the mid-1700s. A bill to authorize a regular census was defeated in Parliament on the grounds that it would give valuable information to England's enemies. But the tide of rebellion soon turned, and in 1800 England established its first regular census.

Meanwhile the United States had already had an ongoing census for ten years. It was authorized in the Constitution for the purpose of deciding how many members of Congress would be needed for a fair representation of the American people. The constitutional article also established that the census would be taken in 1790 and every ten years thereafter. And so it has.

Since its beginning, the American census has gone through many changes. Today the census provides more than a count of the people who live here. It takes polls on transportation, economic planning, and agriculture. The census also provides data for most government agency statistics, such as the unemployment rate.

Counting costs have risen since 1790．The government spent about a penny per person to count post-Revolutionary Americans. Today the census costs $ 250 million—more than a dollar per person. That's a long way since 3800 B．C．.

31．The first known census report took place in Babylonia in ______.

A．1085           B．1200 B.      C．3800 B.C.      D．1790

32．The first census was created for the sole purpose of ______.

A．counting available troops              B．dividing farmland

C．providing manpower                  D．taxing the populace

33．The American census today costs the government approximately ______.

A．$0.01/person     B．$0.10/person    C．$1.00/person    D．$10.00/person

34．Parliament defeated a bill authorizing a regular census because it ______.

A．might give valuable news to England

B．would give England's enemies cause for rebellion

C．would be too expensive

D．might disclose information to England's enemies

35．The author implies the American census is ______.

A．relatively inexpensive to conduct

B．important to various government branches

C．a(chǎn)n exact count of the citizenry

D．fairly expensive before 1790

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