上海交通大學(xué)2010年考博英語真題及答案

希賽網(wǎng)英語頻道為同學(xué)們整理了上海交通大學(xué)考博英語真題.請同學(xué)們多多復(fù)習(xí).專心備考。

Part I Vocabulary (20%)

Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Choose the One answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

1. A series of border incidents would lead the two countries to war.

A. inevitably B. consistently C. uniformly D. persistently

2. When I took out my appointment book and busily it, my client got the impression that I had a busy schedule.

A. checked out B. thumbed through C. held out D. put through

3. In the “New Horizon College English” course, students must take performance tests at monthly

A. gaps B. length C. intervals D. distance

4. A crowd of people gathered， by the way the police officers were hitting the two men.

A. executed B. intensified C. chilled D. outraged

5. He had been completely exhausted but felt considerably after a meal and a rest.

A. renewed B. recreated C. reshaped D. refreshed

6. In addition to restraining economic growth, the government was increasingly anxious to tackle its trade , which has been a mounting concern in the European Union and the US.

A. maximum B. balance C. surplus D. negotiation

7. Most small earthquakes which cause very slight can only be detected with the help of sophisticated instruments.

A. signals B. rotations C. passages D. vibrations

$. For a solid or liquid fuel to , some of the fuel must first be heated to the temperature at which it turns to a gas.

A. ignite B. detect C. generate D. reproduce

9. Zoologists observe the way animals with one another and their environment.

A. interlock B. interlink C. interact D. interchange

10. The people of this new African country all treasure their independence and are determined to build their country into a land of prosperity.

A. hard-nosed B. hard-pressed C. hard-won D. hard-boiled

11. In the crowded restaurant, the man gave to his anger by yelling at the woman sitting opposite him.

A. rise B. vent C. way D. pause

12. He had a feeling that she was avoiding him — that she fared to be alone with him.

A. deliberately B. erroneously C. gracefully D. reluctantly

13. That park contains reproductions of such famous sights in China as the Great Wall and the Summer Palace.

A. sizable B. minute C. enormous D. miniature

14. Each time he heard the approaching of his mother，he would turn off the light and feigned （佯作）sleep.

A. accent B. tone C. fingerprint D. footstep

15. The issue of the death penalty is highly in some western countries.

A. controversial B. outrageous C. frustrated D. democratic

16. Like most fathers and sons, we fought； it was a cold war lasting from the of my adolescence until I went off to college.

A. setback B. onset C. drawback D. offset

17. There are laws to specify the person（s） who will obtain a dead person’s if no will exists.

A. heritage B. fame C. estate D. prestige

18. She hesitated for a of a second before accepting his challenge to a game of tennis.

A. fiction B. function C. friction D. fraction

19. My seven-year .old nephew had a pair of new shoes in April and he’s already them.

A. outweighed B. outgrown C. outlived D. outreached

20. Shallow pools of water are liable to attract mosquitoes and other .

A. insects B. flies C. garbage D. garage

21. In the vast majority of cases, the populace （老百姓）tends to economic success with democracy.

A. digest B. distinguish C. assimilate D. identify

22. He was very intelligent, but he the requirement for a manager.

A. fell short of B. ran short of C. ran out of D. froze out of

23. The Foreign Ministry holds weekly press conferences to reporters the latest development in diplomacy.

A. confer... upon B. burden... with C. fill... in on D. adjust... to

24. He had a quarrel with his wife and just her.

A. became of B. got hold of C. walked out on D. passed over

25. For fear that a new shopping center would ruin the peace of the community, many residents the construction plan.

A. approved B. countered C. defended D. opposed

26. The Maya civilization reached its period of greatest development about A. D. 250 and continued to for hundreds of years.

A. thrive B. flourish C. prevail D. popularize

27. Having published more than a dozen papers in some first-rate journals, she is held in high by her colleagues.

A. esteem B. evaluation C. estate D. ego

28. While some office jobs would seem to many people, there are quite a few jobs that are stimulating, exciting and satisfying.

A. hostile B. tedious C. fantastic D. courageous

29. The troops were in a position, completely exposed to attack from the air.

A. eminent B. brutal C. vulnerable D. adequate

30. In minutes he has taken over the whole , lying under the sink and squinting （瞇目艮看）up into the machinery.

A. conscience B. restraint C. trial D. enterprise

31. The government should really pay attention to this problem which can be found everywhere and by no means to this region.

A. single B. individual C. alone D. unique

32. Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food their cleanness, toughness and low cost.

A. by virtue of B. by means of C. at sight of D. by way of

33. From the living room and family auto to the supermarket and office，it’s impossible to escape the electronic revolution that is the way people live and work.

A. resuming B. transforming C. preparing D. seeking

34. Although family affairs are thought to be ，many public laws affecting all of us are based on what is thought to be correct behavior of family members.

A. complicated B. delicate C. ordinary D. private

35. Ronny’s steps died away, and there was a moment of silence.

A. absent B. abstract C. absolute D. acquire

36. The value of the industrial dropped from about 70 billion dollars to slightly more than 31 billion.

A. outcome B. outlook C. output D. outset

37. We shall never be able to ourselves truly unless we are working for the welfare of our fellows.

A. realize B. spot C. accomplish D. fulfill

38. The jokes Bill told in an effort to cheer us up didn’t quite .

A. come off B. take off C. go off D. get through

39. The teacher tried to explain the problem, but the explanation did not .

A. come up B. hang on C. get across D. look out

40. The court ruled that John was in hitting the man in self-defense punished.

A. justified B. accused C. approved D. admitted

Part II Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: In this part you are going to read six passages. Each of the passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Decide on the best choice according to the passage you have read, then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds’ heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away. But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this. Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not perceived as a threat by penguins. The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites. However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.

Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans. “A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest，” says Nimon. “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators （捕食者）to fly in and remove eggs or chicks. ” The artificial egg, specially developed for the project, monitored both the parent who had been disturbed when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.

However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon’s findings do not invalidate his own research. He points out that species behave differently 一 and Nimon’s work was with Gentoo penguins. Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik’s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins，responses entailed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with heart-rate transmitters. Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.

41. Previous research by German scientists has shown that .

A. the heart rate of penguins in Antarctica is increasing

B. penguins are disturbed by the presence of a human

C. the number of penguins in Antarctica is declining

D. penguins of different species behave differently

42. A new finding in recent research by British scientists is that .

A. penguins near tourist sites in Antarctica have been disrupted by the tourist activities

B. penguin parents both take turn to guard their nest and look after their eggs or chicks

C. penguins are not threatened by a human who approaches the nest slowly and distantly

D. penguins abandon the nest leaving eggs or chicks unprotected whenever seeing a human

43. An artificial egg is used in the new research in order to .

A. observe penguins’ heart rates B. exchange for a real penguin egg

C. monitor the hatch of penguin eggs D. measure penguins，body temperature

44. According to Nimon, the conductor of the new research，a comparison of the old and the new research reveals that .

A. the two researches produced contradictory but both valid findings for they were based on different species of penguin

B. the two researches produced compatible and complementary findings for they studied different species of penguin

C. the old research was unreliable for it had scared penguins and changed their later behavior by fitting a monitor on them

D. the new research reveals penguins need better protection from tourists

45. According to the passage, which factor is the most important influence for penguins’s heart rates?

A. Climate change. B. Tourist activities.

C. Scientific research. D. Not firmly known yet.

Passage 2

An organization is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting （招募）the candidate who is most likely  to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and inclination to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.

Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others，in a particular organizational setting. The individual has to fit in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organizational climate, style of work, organization and culture of the organization. Different organizations have different cultures. Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey. Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman are about ￡ 20,000. The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig （石油鉆塔）or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organizational commitment and employee stress, which affect organizational outcomes, i. e. productivity, high rates of staff change and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i. e. physical, psychological and mental well-being.

However despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection technique available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centers etc., many organizations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial “accept” or “reject” decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and does little better than more controversial methods like graphology （筆跡學(xué)）and astrology （占星術(shù)）.

46. The right person for an organization should not only possess necessary skills for the job but also ?

A. have the ability and inclination to acquire these skills

B. own educational and professional qualifications

C. fit in with the organization’s environment

D. possess similar work experience

47. Wrong selection decisions will lead to the following outcomes EXCEPT .

A. higher training costs per person

B. greater damage or casualties

C. high job satisfaction

D. poor physical, psychological and mental well-being

48. are the best method to identify suitable employees.

A. Psychometric tests and assessment centers B. Graphology and astrology

C. Unstructured interviews D. Structured interviews

49. In an unstructured interview, will greatly determine the interviewer’s final decision.

A. the candidate’s job satisfaction and organizational commitment

B. the impression the candidate makes in the first few minutes

C. the questions the interviewer happens to ask the candidate

D. the candidate’s capability to cope with an emergency

50. This passage is mainly about .

A. importance of employee selection B. future trends in employee selection

C. best methods of employee selection D. popular myths in employee selection

Passage 3

Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $3,000,000 worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. As a result of this “shrinkage” as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices. Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur,

and the people who just can’t help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.

The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.

The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in ship-lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999, 999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years’ time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body-search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!

51. Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?

A. There is a “shrinkage” in market values. B. Many goods are not available.

C. Goods in many shops lack variety. D. There are many cases of shop-lifting.

52. The third group of people steal things because they .

A. are mentally ill B. are quite absent-minded

C. can not resist the temptation D. can not afford to pay for goods

53. According to the passage, law-abiding citizens .

A. can possibly steal things because of their poverty

B. can possibly take away goods without paying

C. have never stolen goods from the supermarkets

D. are difficult to be caught when they steal things

54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?

A. A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professionals.

B. The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.

C. People would expect that those who can’t help themselves are poor.

D. The professionals don’t cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.

55. The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that .

A. the professionals do not pose much of a problem for the stores

B. some people simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops

C. the honest public has to pay higher prices

D. the third type of shop-lifters are dangerous people

Passage 4

It is perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were amazingly versatile men. Right up until comparatively recent times, it was possible for an intelligent person to acquaint himself with almost every branch of knowledge. Thus, a man of genius like Leonardo da Vinci engaged in many careers at once as a matter of course. Da Vinci was so busy with his numerous inventions that he barely found the time to complete his paintings. He came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance ideal of the “universal man”，the man who was proficient at everything. Today, we rarely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine.

Knowledge has become divided and sub-divided into countless, narrowly-defined compartments. The specialist is respected； the versatile person, far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion. The modem world is a world of highly-skilled “experts” who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron，is a modem phenomenon； as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often given up in despair； they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the world’s greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?

Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossible to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disturbing to find that even here, as one of its members put it, at a lecture only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!

56. The passage implies that .

A. men of remarkable achievements in the past were accidentally versatile

B. no great man in the past was qualified as universal except da Vinci

C. nowadays versatile men are generally highly regarded

D. nowadays it is nearly impossible for a man to be versatile

57. The word “moron” (Paragraph 2) most probably means .

A. a foolish man B. a hard-working man

C. an expert D. a miserable man

58. Which of the following is the best possible title for the passage?

A. How to Become a Versatile Man. B. Versatile Men.

C. How to Become an Intelligent Man. D. Intelligent Men.

59. According to the passage, in order to stand out, a scientist should .

A. engage in as many careers as possible

B. become a member of the Royal Society

C. confine himself to a limited area of study

D. be aware of the great progress in science and technology

60. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Da Vinci was too busy with his many inventions to finish his paintings.

B. In the modem world a man can become versatile without paying the price.

C. Nowadays a man of letters scarcely knows about the changes in technology.

D. During the Renaissance much emphasis was placed on being universal.

All Eskimos live most of their lives close to salt or fresh water. They may follow game inland for several hundred miles, but they always return to the shores of rivers, lakes or seas. Eskimo land has a bare look. Large rocks, pebbles, and sand cover much of the surface. Plants called lichen grow right on rocks. And where there is enough soil, ever grass, flowers and small bushes manage to live. No trees can grow on the Eskimo land, so geographers sometimes call this country the Arctic plains. Some animals, such as rabbits and caribou, eat the plants. Others, like the white fox and grey wolf, eat the rabbits and caribou. The Eskimo is a meat-eater, too, and may even eat a wolf when food is scarce.

The Eskimo year has two main parts: a long, cold winter and a short, cool summer. Spring and fall almost too short to be noticed. Summer is the good time, when food is usually plentiful. But it is also the time when the Eskimos are very busy. Winter is never far away, and the men must bring home extra meat for the women to prepare and store. For seldom can enough animals be killed in winter to feed a family.

The Far North is sometimes called the land of the midnight sun. This is true in the middle of summer, for between April 21st and August 21st, the sun never sets in Northern Greenland. But in midwinter the Far North is a land with no sun shining at all. Around Oct. 21stthe Eskimos of Northern Greenland see the sun setting straight south of them, and they don’t see it again until February 22nd. All places on earth get about the same amount of daylight during a year. As a result, if summer is lighter, winter has to be darker. Winter nights in the Far North are seldom pitch-black. As in the rest of the world, the stars and the moon provide a little light. The northern lights also help the Eskimos to see. And with the ground covered with snow, even a little light is reflected back to the Eskimo’s eyes. 

On the Eskimo land, ?

A. rabbits live on the plants

C. grass grows more easily than lichen

In the Eskimo year, ?

A. there are no spring and fall

C. summer is a time for growing food D. winter comes early and goes late

From the passage we can infer all the following except that .

A. Eskimos are more likely to eat wolves in summer

B. Eskimo women are responsible for housework

C. animal meat is Eskimo’s main source of food

D. hunting is an important part of Eskimo life

In midwinter there is no sun shining in the Far North because .

A. the Far North is too far away from the sun

B. the sun is not seen again for six months

C. the sun never sets in midsummer

D. people see the sun setting straight sought of them

65. The best title for the passage is ?

A. A Story of the Eskimo B. The Bare Far North

C. Eskimo Land and Climate D. The Eskimo Year

Passage 6

Before many people buy a car, a television or a washing machine, they shop around for the best deal. Yet, when some of these people find themselves in a position in which a second medical opinion is a good idea ——when facing a difficult operation, for example,——they are unwilling to go further.

Sometimes it doesn’t matter. But sometimes it can lead to the wrong treatment, even death. A number of psychological roadblocks get in the way of second medical opinions, but one of the most common is the fear of hurting the feelings of the doctors, and the possible result of that. People may think that in bringing up that they want to get a second opinion they’re questioning the doctor’s ability, so in the interest of not hurting the feeling of him they don’t suggest it. Another reason people avoid getting a second opinion is fear of the second doctor giving them worse news than the first. Says Balyk: “You fear that if you go for, say, an ingrown toenail, he’ll tell you that the toe must come off. ” The most important consideration is that it’s in your self interest to get another opinion — and it may not be worse.

Then, most people trust, even give great respect to their doctors, and regard them as with godlike qualities. So they trust their doctor is right, and don’t ask for a second opinion. In fact, it doesn’t even occur to them that they should. But you should remember that the doctor is a human being — just like you. And sometimes, when people are sick, they become childlike. They put all types of good feelings onto the doctor and just let him take over. At other times, obtaining that second opinion just seems like

too much work. But remember, sometimes getting that second medical opinion can mean the difference between life and death.

66. From both the first and the last paragraphs we can infer that the author may want to suggest that .

A. one should choose a hospital carefully when ill

B. one should think seriously before making a medical decision

C. one should never be afraid of questioning the doctor’s opinion

D. a second medical opinion is absolutely necessary

67. Why are some patients afraid of hurting the doctor’s feelings?

A. They fear that if so something unhappy will happen.

B. They fear that the doctor may let them alone after that.

C. They fear the doctor may intentionally give them wrong treatments.

D. They have been taught to respect doctors in this way.

68. Another reason some patients don’t want to get a second medical opinion is that .

A. they are used to treating doctors as gods in every aspect

B. other people will look on them as mad if they do so

C. they think it is wrong to doubt the doctor’s opinion

D. doctors usually don’t have a second opinion to offer

69. In Paragraph 5, by “sometimes when people are sick, they become childlike” the author means that ?

A. when people are sick, they behave in every way like a child

B. when people are sick, they become unreasonable

C. when people are sick, they are too lazy to take care of themselves

D. when people are sick, they rely too much on others

70. The last word “work” in Paragraph 5 may probably be closest in meaning to .

A. trouble B. energy C. time D. labor

Part ID Cloze (25%)

Section A (10%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Up until the age of 18, I read very little. I 71 myself to what was necessary for a secondary- school 72 . I was always busy either playing soccer or falling in love. Then came the day when, as a young columnist, my main 73 was to read. And I got to like it. My head spun! An unknown passion took 74 of me. What happened? For me, it was the 75 of a new state of being in love. I began to take possession of books and to annotate them. 76 I would tell them, in an only slightly 77 way, how much I liked them or didn’t. Today, 25 years later, I 78 through my books from those days and it’s magic, finding myself face to face with the young man I once was. Sometimes I 79 him. Other times I find him 80 . Certain remarks seem 81 to me now. Others make me happy. I was right about that, I sometimes say to myself. Twenty-five years later I find the 82 trace of my thoughts, my 83 of that time. That’s why I never lend out my books. I give 84 the ones of which I have two 85 and the ones I’ve never read. But the ones Fve 86 up cannot 87 : they have become my journals, my 88 . To let someone read them would be 89 myself up to scrutiny. I would be allowing others to break into me like a 90 breaks into a house.

71. A. contributed B. defined C. limited D. controlled

72. A. paper B. diploma C. permit D. qualification

73. A. interest B. assignment C. responsibility D. right

74. A. advantage B. hold C. charge D. obsession

75. A. intrusion B. attack C. invasion D. raid

76. A. Really B. But C. Thus D. Besides

77. A. distorted B. twisted C. contorted D. zigzagged

78. A. thumb B. scan C. finger D. turn

79. A. enjoy B. understand C. receive D. identify

80. A. promising B. eloquent C. credible D. hopeless

81. A. interesting B. exact C. stupid D. desperate

82. A. live B. alive C. living D. lively

83. A. sensibilities B. sentiments C. senses D. sensitivities

84. A. out B. away C. up D. in

85. A. editions B. versions C. copies D. volumes

86. A. marked B. drawn C. written D. signed

87. A. spread B. circle C. circulate D. cycle

88. A. acknowledgements B. recognitions C. admissions D. confessions

89. A. giving B. turning C. opening D. revealing

90. A. guest B. liar C. robber D. burglar

Section B (15%)

Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below. Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling in any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on ANSWER SHEET (2)

“Use it or lose it” is the new approach to back pain. In the last few years, there has been a 91 change in the way doctors treat this most common disease. Weeks or months of rest in bed 一the 92 method of treatment for so long — are now thought to be surely harmful. Muscles become soft, joints become 93 and what started out as a 94 acute condition quickly turns into a continuing disability. Far better, according to current thinking, is to put up with a little pain and get moving.

The change has not happened overnight. For years, some specialists have had an 95 feeling that bed rest was not the answer. But what finally put an end to 96 bed rest was a study of more than 200 patients who were treated for back pain in a clinic in Taxes. Not only did patients who had two days’ bed rest do totally as well as those given seven days, they 97 only half as much time altogether 98 work.

As a result of the study, experts now recommend that 99 anyone with acute back pain should spend more than a few days 100 down. After that should eome a program of gradually 101 exercise, probably accompanied by some 102 treatments such as massage, heat or ultrasound. Because of hospital waiting lists, most people have to wait several weeks before receiving the treatment they need. Unfortunately this wait is often spent in bed or inactive for 103 of doing further damage to the back. It has been estimated that for every day an injured muscle is rested it loses at least one per cent of its 104 . Stay in bed for two or three weeks and it will be far 105 to rebuild a damaged muscle.

Part V Writing (25%)

Directions: For this part，you are allowed 45 minutes to write a short essay of about 300 words following the picture given below: (7) Describe the picture. (2) Give your opinion. Write the essay on the ANSWER SHEET (2) only.

凄切心頭咽

倍感同身寒

再無飲食欲

何處承歡顏

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