2016年四川大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題1

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I Reading Comprehension (30%； one mark each)

Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A，B, C, or D. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage 1

When a person begins a mediated or immediate encounter, he already stands in some kind of social relationship to the others concerned, and expects to stand in a given relationship to them after the particular encounter ends. This, of course, is one of the ways in which social contacts are geared into the wider society. Much of the activity occurring during an encounter can be understood as an effort on everyone’s part to get through the occasion and all the unanticipated and unintentional events that can cast participants in an undesirable light, without disrupting the relationships of the participants. And if relationships are in the process of change, the object will be to bring the encounter to a satisfactory close

without altering the expected course of development. The perspective nicely accounts, for example, for the little ceremonies of greeting and farewell which occur when people begin a conversational encounter or depart from one. Greetings provide a way of showing that a relationship is still what it was at the termination of the previous co-participation, and, typically, that this relationship involves sufficient suppression of hostility for the participants temporarily to drop their guards and talk. Farewells sum up the effect of the encounter upon the relationship and show what the participants may expect of one another when they next meet. The enthusiasm of greetings compensates for the weakening of the relationship caused by the absence just terminated, while the enthusiasm of farewells compensates the relationship for the harm that is about to be done to it by separation.

It seems to be a characteristic obligation of many social relationships that each of the members guarantees to support a given face for the other members in given situations. To prevent disruption of these relationships, it is therefore necessary for each member to avoid destroying the others’ face. At the same time, it is often the person’s social relationship with others that leads him to participate in certain encounters with them, where incidentally he will be dependent upon them for supporting his face.

Furthermore, in many relationships, the members come to share a face, so that in the presence of third parties an improper act on the part of one member becomes a source of acute embarrassment to the other members. A social relationship, then, can be seen as a way in which the person is more than ordinarily forced to trust his self-image and face to the tact and good conduct of others.

1. The last word of the first sentence, namely “ends”，is most likely .

A. a noun, meaning “purposes” or “objectives”

B. a verb, meaning “comes to a finish”

C. a postpositional adjective, meaning “finishing”

D. an adjective, meaning “purposeful”

2. According to the author, if any unexpected difficulties occur in a social contact, _? ?

A. the relationships between the participants break up

B. those who participate will be in an unintentional event

C. all participants would try to maintain their relationships

D. the participants will certainly get through an activity

3. Which of following is NOT an idea of the author?

A. The participants hope their relationship would be the same as they met last.

B. Greetings are just as important as farewells in a social encounter.

C. Before every greeting there is always sufficient hostility to suppress.

D. If their relationship changes，the participants want it to change as they hoped.

4. The last sentence of the second paragraph means that .

A. one’s self-image is dependent on how others behave

B. face and self-image are two different kinds of relationships

C. social relationship is something that is forced on all participants

D. to get along well with others is a process of giving each other face

5. The best title for this passage may well be .

A. Face and Social Relationship B. How to Conduct Socially

C. Greetings and Farewells D. Conversation Sociology

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