2014年中科院考博英語真題4

考博英語責任編輯：王覓 2018-12-12

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Part HI Reading Comprehension (40% )

Section A (30%)

Passage 2

There are already drugs that brighten moods, like Prozac, and other antidepressants that control levels of a brain chemical called serotonin. While originally meant to treat depression, these drugs have been used for other psychological conditions like shyness and anxiety and even by otherwise healthy people to feel better about themselves. But is putting people in a better mood really making them happy? People can also drown their sorrows in alcohol or get a euphoric feeling using narcotics, but few people who do so would be called truly happy.

The President’s Council on Bioethics said in a recent report that while antidepressants might make some people happier, they can also substitute for what can truly bring happiness： a sense of satisfaction with one’s identity, accomplishments and relationships.“In the pursuit of happiness human beings have always worried about falling for the appearance of happiness and missing its reality，” the council wrote. It added, “Yet a fraudulent happiness is just what the pharmacological management of our mental lives threatens to confer upon us. ”

Now the race is on to develop pills to make people smarter. These drugs aim at memory loss that occurs in people with Alzheimer’s disease or a precursor called mild cognitive impairment. But it is lost on no one that if a memory drug works and is safe, it may one day be used by healthy people to learn faster and remember longer. Studies have already shown that animals can be made to do both when the activity of certain genes is increased or decreased. Dr. Tom Tully，a professor at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, created genetically engineered fruit flies that he said had “photographic memory. ” They could, in one session, learn something that took normal flies 10 sessions.“It immediately convinced everyone that memory was going to be just another biological process,” Dr. Tully said. “There’s nothing special about it. That meant that it was going to be treatable and manipulable.”But experts say that improving memory will not necessarily make one smarter, in the sense of IQ, let alone in wisdom. “It would be a mistake to think that drugs that have an impact on memory necessarily will have an effect on intelligence，” said Dr. Daniel L. Schacher, chairman of psychology at Harvard.“Is it a good thing to remember everything?” Dr. Tully asked. Could a brain too crammed with

information suffer some sort of overload?

42. Talking of antidepressants, the author expresses dissatisfaction with .

A. their wide promotion B. their original aim

G. their extended use D. their free prescription

43. The word “euphoric” (boldfaced in Paragraph 2) can be replaced by the word “ ”.

A. refreshed B. deceptive C. regenerative D. delighted

44. According to the Council’s report, for those who seek contentment with their lives, antidepressants can .

A. cheat them B. please them C. facilitate them D. scare them

45. The example of fruit flies is given to show that .

A. medication for improving memory is safe

B. animals can do something humans cannot

C. drugs can help healthy people learn faster