2020年成人本科學(xué)位英語(yǔ)閱讀題復(fù)習(xí)資料（3）

Reading Comprehension 9

Do you want to know something about the history or weather? Don’t look for old weather reports. Looking at tree rings is more important.Correct weather reports date back only one century, but some trees can provide an exact record of the weather even further back.

It is natural that a tree would grow best in a climate with plenty of sunlight and rainfall. It is also expected that little sunlight or rainfall would limit the growth of a tree. The change from a favorable to an unfavorable climate can be determined by reading the pattern of rings in a tree trunk. To find out the weather of ten years ago, count the rings of a tree trunk from the outside to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the other rings, then it is certain that plenty of sunny and rainy weather occurred.If the rings are close together, then the climate was bad for the tree.

Studying tree rings is important not only for the history of weather, but also for the history of man. In a region of New Mexico you can find only sand-no trees and no people. However, many centuries ago a large population lived there.They left suddenly. Why? A scientist studied patterns of dead tree rings which had grown there.He decided that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees.Trees were necessary to make fires and buildings. So, after the people destroyed the trees, they had to move. In this instance studying tree rings uncovered an exciting fact about the history of man.

1. How do we know the weather of a hundred years ago?

A. By looking at the sky. B. By looking for old weather reports .

C. By looking at tree rings. D. By learning history.

2. How does the weather affect the growth of a tree?

A. Plenty of sunlight and rainfall will limit the growth of a tree.

B. A tree grows best with little sunlight and rain.

C. Some trees provide an exact record of the weather.

D. The weather determines the pattern of rings in a tree trunk.

3. If the fifth ring is far from the other rings, then it means that, five years ago,_______.

A. the climate was good at the tree

B. plenty of sunny and rainy weather occurred

C. the climate was bad for the tree

D. both A and B

4. What made a large population suddenly leave a region of New Mexico?

A. The cutting down of all the trees. B. The change of the weather there.

C. Lack of food. D. No enough buildings.

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Trees are very important to human beings.

B. Studying tree rings can tell us the history of weather and man.

C. Weather can change the history of man.

D. A tree grows best in a climate with plenty of sunlight and rainfall.

Reading Comprehension 10

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text.

The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts further questions, and so on.

For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level.

Different people converse with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page; others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is written in the text. The latter represents higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a rocess” conversation as opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies (策略) we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation. It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.

1. Reading as a kind of conversation between the reader and the text becomes conscious only when _______.

A. the reader’s expectations agree with what is said in the text

B. the reader has trouble understanding what the author says

C. the reader asks questions and gets answers

D. the reader understands a text very well

2. At a lower level of comprehension, readers tend to _______.

A. read a text slowly

B. read without thinking hard

C. interpret a text in their own way

D. concentrate on the meaning of words only

3. A “process” conversation has to do with _______.

A. the application of reading strategies

B. matching our expectations with the meaning of a text

C. the development of our ability to check the details

D. determining the main idea of a text

4. According to the passage, it is of great importance for readers at a higher level to maintain a balance between _______.

A. conscious and unconscious levels of comprehension

B. the reader's expectations and the meaning of a text

C. lower and higher levels of comprehension

D. interpreting and criticizing a text

5. If we want to develop our reading ability at an advanced level, we should _______.

A. learn to use different approaches in reading different texts

B. make our reading process more conscious

C. pay more attention to the content of a text

D. take a critical attitude towards the author's idea

Reading Comprehension 11

A is for always getting to work on time.

B is for being extremely busy.

C is for the conscientious (勤勤懇懇的) way you do your job.

You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.

Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure Career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics — a better job, a raise, praise — many people are still unable or unwilling to “play the game.”

“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word polite. It can mean lobbying and forming associations.

It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”

In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue ones own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment — not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.

“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,” says Neil P. Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature.”

Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.

Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.

1. “Office politics” (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to _______ .

A. the political views and beliefs of office workers

B. the interpersonal relationships within a company

C. the various qualities required for a successful career

D. the code of behavior for company staff

2. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but _______ .

A. avoid being too outstanding

B. get along well with his colleagues

C. honest and loyal to his company

D. give his boss a good impression

3. Why are many people unwilling to “play the game” (Line 4, Para. 5)?

A. They are not good at manipulating colleagues.

B. They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.

C. They think the effort will get them nowhere.

D. They believe that doing so is impractical.

4. The author considers office politics to be _______ .

A. unwelcome at the workplace

B. bad for interpersonal relationships

C. an important factor for personal advancement

D. indispensable to the development of company culture

5. It is the author’s view that _______ .

A. self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery

B. hard work contributes very little to ones promotion

C. many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery

D. speaking up for oneself is part of human nature

Reading Comprehension 12

Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.

For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.

1. Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.

A. 36 B. 12 C. 20 D. 15

2. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ________.

A. to live in a different university B. to take a particular course in a

different university

C. to live at home and drive to classes D. to get two degrees from two

different universities

3. American university students are usually under pressure of work because _______.

A. their academic performance will affect their future careers

B. they are heavily involved in student affairs

C. they have to observe university discipline

D. they want to run for positions of authority

4. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because _______.

A. they hate the constant pressure strain of their study

B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university

C. such positions help them get better jobs

D. such positions are usually well paid

5. The student organizations seem to be effective in ________.

A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university

B. ensuring that the students observe university regulations

C. evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court

D. keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activities

答案翻譯

Reading Comprehension 9

1. C 作者在開篇提到準(zhǔn)確的天氣預(yù)報(bào)可以追溯一百年，而一些樹木卻可以幫助人們了解到更早時(shí)期的氣候狀況。

2. D 見第二段 The change from a favorable to an unfavorable climate can be determined by reading the pattern of rings in a tree trunk，氣候情況的好壞會(huì)直接影響樹干的環(huán)形年輪的形狀。

3. B 見第二段 then it is certain that plenty of sunny and rainy weather occurred 然后，可以肯定的是，大量的陽(yáng)光和下雨的天氣發(fā)生了

4. A 見第三段 He decided that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees，由于當(dāng)時(shí)生活在那里的人把所有樹木都砍伐了，沒有生火和蓋房子的材料，不得不離開了那片區(qū)域。

5. B 從全篇看，作者在講從樹木的年輪的變化與當(dāng)時(shí)的氣候有關(guān)，進(jìn)而能夠揭示當(dāng)時(shí)的環(huán)境與人的生活的關(guān)系。故 B 項(xiàng)正確。

Reading Comprehension 10

1. 閱讀，作為讀者與文章之間的一種對(duì)話，只有在_______時(shí)是可以意識(shí)到的。

文章第二段 第 2 句和第 3 句講：然而有時(shí)我們卻能夠意識(shí)到它的存在。這通常是在我們遇到困難的時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們的期望與實(shí)際意義不相符的時(shí)候?？梢娺x項(xiàng)B. 讀者在理解作者所說的內(nèi)容有困難，是正確答案。

2. 在較低層次的理解，讀者傾向于_______。

文章第三段 第 2 句到第 4 句講：有些人注重文章的表面意思;而有些人則由表面意思展開聯(lián)想、說明、批判、分析與檢驗(yàn)。前者代表了一種對(duì)文章中內(nèi)容的理解。后者則代表了更高層次的理解。可見選項(xiàng) D.只注重表面含義，是正確答案。

3. “過程”對(duì)話與 _______ 有關(guān)。

文章第四段 第 3 行講：我們把這叫做“過程對(duì)話，來與“內(nèi)容”對(duì)話相區(qū)別。過程所研究的并不是閱讀的內(nèi)容，而是我們?cè)陂喿x中所應(yīng)用的手法?？梢娺x項(xiàng) A. 應(yīng)用閱讀手法, 是正確答案。

4. 根據(jù)本文，對(duì)于較高層次的讀者來說非常重要的一點(diǎn)是保持_______之間的平衡。

講：這兩種閱讀方法之間的平衡是很重要的，尤其是對(duì)較高級(jí)別的讀者來說?？?/span>見選項(xiàng) C. 較低層次與較高層次的理解, 是正確答案。

5. 如果我們想培養(yǎng)較高層次的閱讀能力，我們應(yīng)該_______.

文章最后一句 在我們?cè)噲D提高閱讀能力以期達(dá)到在更高層次學(xué)習(xí)的新要求時(shí)，恰恰是這種對(duì)話對(duì)我們非常重要?？梢娺x項(xiàng) A.在讀不同的文章時(shí)采用不同的方法, 是正確答案。

Reading Comprehension 11

1. 答案 B Office politics 是本文的核心詞，文章第 5 段對(duì) Office politics 進(jìn)行了描述，另外從 forming associations, please your superior, socializing within the office environment 等詞可知，此處 Office politics 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是職場(chǎng)的人際關(guān)系，故選 B。

2. 文章第六段說到，在候選者個(gè)人能力相差不多的情況下，究竟誰(shuí)能得到提拔是由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的個(gè)人喜好決定的，可見在有能力的基礎(chǔ)上，能否給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)留下較好印象對(duì)升職的影響很大，故選 D。

3. 題干內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在文章第四段，第五段第一句解釋了出現(xiàn)這個(gè)現(xiàn)像的原因，因為許多人把 play the game(要手腕)，即職場(chǎng)策略看成了工于心計(jì)的行為，選項(xiàng) B.中的 unprincipled 意思是“不講道德的”，符合這些人的看法。

4. 文章第四段就用專家的話明確指出了 office politics 對(duì)職位提升的重要性，從全文內(nèi)容看，文章重新定義了 office politics, 糾正了人們對(duì)其一些錯(cuò)誤的負(fù)面認(rèn)識(shí)，并反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)了 office politics 的重要性，可見作者對(duì) office politics 是持肯定態(tài)度的，故選 C.。

5. 文章第七段最后一句說到許多人擔(dān)心銷售自己會(huì)讓人覺得自己在奉承老板，而在心理學(xué)家看來，這種想法是一種誤解，由此可知作者認(rèn)為 self-promotion 和flattery 并不是劃等號(hào)的，故選 A.。

Reading Comprehension 12

1. B 通常一名學(xué)生每星期至少要上_______ 節(jié)課。

見第 3-5 行 A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.

一門課程是每個(gè)星期上 3 節(jié)課，一個(gè)大學(xué)生每學(xué)期要學(xué)習(xí) 4 到 5 門課程。故通常一名學(xué)生每星期至少要上 12 節(jié)課。

2. B 根據(jù)本文第一段，美國(guó)學(xué)生可以 ______

見第一段最后一句，It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, 也有可能一個(gè)學(xué)生在攻讀學(xué)位時(shí)在兩所不同的大學(xué)上課。 故答案選 B. 在另一所大學(xué)上某一門特定的課程。

3. A 美國(guó)大學(xué)生通常都會(huì)感到學(xué)習(xí)的壓力， 因?yàn)開______。

見第二段，前兩句 the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work,…… 學(xué)生可以把他的分?jǐn)?shù)記錄給未來的雇主看。這些給學(xué)生施加了學(xué)習(xí)上長(zhǎng)期的壓力和負(fù)擔(dān)。故答案選 A 他們?cè)?/span>學(xué)術(shù)上的表現(xiàn)會(huì)影響他們未來的工作。

4. C 有些學(xué)生熱衷于學(xué)生組織中的職位可能是因?yàn)開______。

見文章最后一句，A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career. 在其中擔(dān)任過領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位的學(xué)生就會(huì)很受人尊敬，對(duì)他將來的事業(yè)也很有利。故答案選 C 這些職位有助于他們找到較好的工作。

5. B 學(xué)生組織似乎在_______ 方面卓有成效。

見文章倒數(shù)第 5 行，Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court.遵守紀(jì)律的有效承諾通常是由向校方提議的學(xué)生們來執(zhí)行。故答案選 B. 確保學(xué)生遵守校紀(jì)。