2020年成人本科學(xué)位英語閱讀題復(fù)習(xí)資料（1）

Reading Comprehension 1

After inventing dynamite (炸藥), Swedish-born became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.

Nobel’s original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $ 30,000 to $125,000.

Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges’ decision. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.

No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes.

1. When did the first award ceremony take place?

A. 1895. B. 1901. C. 1962. D. 1968.

2. Why was the Nobel prize established?

A. To recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity.

B. To resolve political differences.

C. To honor the inventor of dynamite.

D. To spend money.

3. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

A. Awards vary in money value.

B. Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel’s invention.

C. Politics can be of importance in selecting the winners.

D. A few individuals have won two awards.

4. In which area have Americans received the most awards?

A. Literature. B. Economics. C. Peace. D. Science.

5. In how many fields are prizes bestowed?

A. 2 B. 5 C. 6 D. 10

Reading Comprehension 2

The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case you are producing for the market. Your efforts are being directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes,you will stop producing them.

If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a taxi driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.

When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. Yon may spend money in stores supermarkets and gas stations. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.

The market may seem to be something abstract. But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it’s real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won’t be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It’s telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn’t want you to do.

1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Selling and Buying

B. What Is the Market?

C. Everything Yon Do is Producing for the Market

D. What the Market Can Do for You?

2. All of the following acts are producing for the market EXCEPT_______.

A. working in a bank B. printing a book

C. attending a night school D. growing beans for sale

3. You are buying from the market when you_______.

A. borrow a book from a library B. look after your children

C. drive to the seaside for a holiday D. treat a friend to dinner at a restaurant

4. The word “real” in the last paragraph may most probably mean _______.

A. serious B. true C. important D. concrete

5. In what way is the market very real for each person or business who is making and selling something?

A. It tells you what to produce.

B. It directs you how to grow tomatoes.

C. It provides you with everything you need.

D. It helps you save money.

Reading Comprehension 3

After a busy day of word and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.

There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.

Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.

If you have trouble failing asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believed that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep put you to sleep!

1. A good title for this passage is______.

A. Sleep B. Good Health C. Dreams D. Work and Rest

2. The word “drowsy” in the last paragraph means_______.

A. sick B. stand up C. asleep D. a little sleepy

3. This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you_______.

A. dream more often B. have poor health

C. nervous D. breathe quickly

4. During REM, _______.

A. your eyes move quickly B. you dream

C. you are restless D. both A and B

5. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is _______.

A. approximately six hours B. around ten hours

C. about eight hours D. not stated here

Reading Comprehension 4

Very high waves are destructive when they strike the land. Fortunately, this seldom happens. One reason is that out at sea, waves moving in one direction almost always run into waves moving in a different direction. The two sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. Another reason is that water is shallower near the shore. As a wave gets closer to land, the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.

But the power of waves striking the shore can still be very great. During a winter gale (大風(fēng)), waves sometimes strike the shore with the force of 6,000 pounds for each square foot. That means a wave, 25 feet high and 500 feet along its face, may strike the shore with a force of 75 million pounds.

Yet the waves, no matter how big or how violent, affect only the surface of the sea. During the most raging storms, the water a hundred fathoms(600 feet) beneath the surface is just as calm as on a day without a breath of wind.

1. According to the passage, destruction caused by high waves occurs _______.

A. regularly B. rarely C. frequently D. suddenly

2. We know from this passage that out at sea, when waves going in opposite directions meet, their force _______.

A. causes greater damages B. extends to the ocean floor

C. is likely to lessen D. increases rapidly

3. It is clear from the passage that coastal depth _______.

A. is the only factor influencing the strength of high waves

B. influences the power of high waves

C. has no influence upon the strength of very high waves

D. is irrelevant to the question of the power of high waves

4. From the second paragraph of the passage we know that the power of very high waves striking the shore is _______.

A. constant B. equalized C. variable D. perpetual

5. From your reading of the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. At the depth of 1200 feet the effects of a violent surface storm are frightful.

B. A submarine commander navigating his vessel at a depth of 700 feet will not be affected by a raging surface storm.

C. A typhoon 500 miles out at sea stir up the ocean floor.

D. If high waves can strike the shore with a horizontal force of 75 million pounds,

the vertical force of such waves can have an even greater effect upon the ocean floor.

答案翻譯

Reading Comprehension 1

1. B 計(jì)算題。根據(jù)文中第一段最后一句“Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.”計(jì)算可得。1968―67=1901

2. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)短文第一段第二句“he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind.

3. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。A, C, D 分別在第二、四段提到。根據(jù)短文第三段第一句“Americans have won numerous science awards”一句可知這一天是頒獎(jiǎng)日，并非為紀(jì)念諾貝爾的發(fā)明。

4. D 事實(shí)判斷題。根據(jù)短文第三段最后一句“Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.”一句判斷可得。

5. C 文章第一段說及 Originally there were five awards，后又說 Economics was added in 1968，故總數(shù)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)為 6。

Reading Comprehension 2

1. B 本篇第一句即說：The market is a concept. 下文均用來解釋這一概念。其余各項(xiàng)都不能概括全文。

2. C 按本文意思，凡為市場提供產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的均為 producing for the market，凡花錢換取產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的均為 buying from the market. 本題 A，B，D 屬前者，唯 C為后者，故為答案。

3. D 同上題，可推出 D 為答案。

4. D 文章中第三段說：The market may seem to be something abstract. 接著說：But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it’s real. 對比abstract，可推知 real 即指“具體的”concrete。

5. A 本文最后一段說明市場對生產(chǎn)者的反饋?zhàn)饔茫怯脕碚f為什么它又是 real的。

Reading Comprehension 3

1. A 本文談的是睡眠的 4 個(gè)階段，所以 A 是最佳選擇。不能選 C，因?yàn)閴羰亲?/span>為睡眠的一個(gè)階段。

2. D 本文最后講述如何幫助入睡時(shí)說，有人認(rèn)為 drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy?？赏浦?drowsy 的意思與 sleepy 相近。

3. B 見第一段 Sleep is necessary for good health。

4. D 見第三段 This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement. 這一情況只在做夢時(shí)發(fā)生。

5. D 從全篇看，作者沒有談到這個(gè)問題。

Reading Comprehension 4

1. B 本篇開始說巨浪的破壞性很大，接著又說：Fortunately, this seldom happens.可知它造成破壞的情況不常有。

2. C 第一段在談到方向相反的海浪相遇時(shí)說：The two sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. 因此說他們的力量有可能減弱。

3. B 見第一段最后：As a wave gets closer to land, the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.

4. C 第二段所舉幾個(gè)數(shù)字告訴我們，海浪沖擊海岸的力量同浪高和浪寬有關(guān)，它們是不一樣的。

5. B 本文最后一句：During the most raging storms, the water a hundred fathoms (600 feet) beneath the surface is just as calm as on a day without a breath of wind. 可知潛艇在 700 英尺深處不受海面風(fēng)暴的影響。