2020成人高考學(xué)士學(xué)位英語(yǔ)試題精講：語(yǔ)氣

1. I would ask George to lend us the money if I ____ him.

A. had known B. have known C. knew D. to have read

【答案】C 該句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從主句的would ask 判斷，if 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)knew,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。句意為“如果我認(rèn)識(shí)喬治的話，我就讓他借給我們錢了”。

2. If I __ you, I ___ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

A. was/ shall pay B. am/ will pay C. would be/ would pay D. were/ would pay

【答案】D。如果我是你，我會(huì)在英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)和短語(yǔ)上多關(guān)注一些。對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。

3. Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he_____ you.

A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to

【答案】B。別動(dòng)那個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的老虎，他要是醒了會(huì)咬你的。if條件句中對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。

4. We ___ delighted if the report ___ true.

A. were/ were B. shall be/ were C. should be/ were D. were/ would be

【答案】C。如果這個(gè)報(bào)告是真是的，那我們就會(huì)很高興的。if條件句中對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。

5. If I ________ plan to do anything I wanted to, I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to

【答案】B。如果我能夠計(jì)劃做任何我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且盡可能地旅行那個(gè)地方的大部分地區(qū)。

6. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

【答案】C。如果他能夠周五到那里，他將會(huì)今天就走。省略if的條件虛擬。對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬。

7. _________ to do the work, I should do it some other way.

A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I

【答案】C。如果我來(lái)做這個(gè)工作，我會(huì)換一種工作方式。

8. Most probably Ally won’t come tomorrow. But if she______ I _____her to call you up at once.

A. should come, would ask B. come, would have asked

C. will come, will ask D. is coming, should ask

【答案】A。Ally很可能明天不會(huì)回來(lái)，但是如果她回來(lái)，我會(huì)讓她立刻給你打電話。對(duì)將來(lái)的if條件虛擬。

9. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?

A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain

【答案】B。如果明天下雨，我們做什么呢?對(duì)將來(lái)的if條件虛擬。

10. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet.

A. is to, should B. were to, would C. were going to, would D. was going to, should

【答案】B。要是下雨了，我們會(huì)淋濕的。對(duì)將來(lái)的if條件虛擬。

11. If a better material ____, the strength of the part would have been increased.

A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using

【答案】A 本句考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí);又因?yàn)閙aterial 是use 的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式。

12. If you that night, you might have been too late to get your ticket.

A. didn't hurry B. hadn't hurried C. wouldn't hurry D. hadn't to hurry

【答案】B 從給出的主句看，本句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，架設(shè)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的事情，因此從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

13. With all this work on hand, she ______ to the dance party last night.

A. oughtn’t to go B. hadn’t gone C. shouldn’t have gone D. mustn’t have gone

【答案】C 原句意思“她手頭還有這么多工作，昨晚本不應(yīng)去參加舞會(huì)”，對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬用 “should have done”結(jié)構(gòu)。

14. He abandoned a career that ___ to his becoming one of the most influential people in the world.

A. could have led B. would lead C. should have led D. must lead

【答案】A 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，是could/should have done，本可能/本應(yīng)該做…(但實(shí)際沒(méi)這樣做)。因?yàn)槭强陀^情況，不涉及是否應(yīng)該，所以選擇A could have done.

15. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.

A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught

C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught

【答案】D。如果我們?cè)?0分鐘到，就趕上公交車了。If條件句對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬。

16. ____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.

A.If I realized B. Had I realized

C.Did I have realized that D. As I realized

【答案】B 本題考察的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣.條件狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had +過(guò)去分詞,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,should/would/could/might +have + 過(guò)去分詞.當(dāng)省略if 時(shí),條件從句中的had 提前. 句意是“如果我意識(shí)到你這么忙,我就不拿我的這些問(wèn)題來(lái)打擾你了.”

17. ___, I should ask them some questions.

A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us

C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us

【答案】A 本題考查的是省略if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。從句中的助動(dòng)詞had, were, should等要移至主語(yǔ)之前。如果他們來(lái)到我們身邊，我會(huì)問(wèn)他們一些問(wèn)題。

18. Had the weather been good, the children ___ out for a walk.

A. had gone B. could have gone C. would go D. went

【答案】B。當(dāng)虛擬語(yǔ)氣中含有were, had, should, would等詞時(shí)， 可以省略if, 把這些詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。Should I meet her, I would tell her.萬(wàn)一我見(jiàn)到他， 我會(huì)告訴他的。Were I in your position, I would do it better.如果我處在你的位置上， 我會(huì)做的更好。Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.如果他們準(zhǔn)備了的話， 他們應(yīng)該能成功的。本句為和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因此選B。

19. ___ today, he would get there for holiday.

A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves

【答案】B。如果他今天走的話，他就在那里度假了。對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬。

20. We ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.

A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. could have lost

【答案】A。要不是警察，我們都已經(jīng)沒(méi)命了。從句對(duì)過(guò)去，主句對(duì)現(xiàn)在。

21. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he______ to the meeting.

A. would have come B. would come C. could come D. had come

【答案】A 本句考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！叭绻皇呛苊Φ脑挘蛱炀腿ラ_(kāi)會(huì)了”，事實(shí)是他沒(méi)有去開(kāi)會(huì)，所以是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，主句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，因此選A項(xiàng)would have come.

22. Without your help, we ____ so much.

A. didn’t achieve B. would not have achieved C. will not achieve D. don’t achieve

【答案】B 本題考察的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣. without your help = if you had not helped us,表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should/would/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形.故選B. 句意是“如果不是你幫助我們,我們就不會(huì)取得這么大的成就.”

23. Something must have happened on their way here. Or they ___ by now.

A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. would have arrived D. would arrive

【答案】C。第一句是must+have +過(guò)去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.路是濕的，昨晚上肯定下雨了。因此我們可以推斷：這是一個(gè)和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。should +have +過(guò)去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。如：You should have gone over your lessons.你應(yīng)當(dāng)把功課復(fù)習(xí)好的。但是此句只是一個(gè)表示和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬句子，并沒(méi)有責(zé)備的意思。本句的意思是：“路上肯定出事了。否則，他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到了?！币虼苏_答案應(yīng)該是C.

24. But for the rain, we ____ a nice holiday.

A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had

【答案】B 這是含蓄條件句，表示“如果不……則我們已經(jīng)……了”，故選B。but for：如果不是因?yàn)椤皇恰?。句意為：如果不是因?yàn)橄掠?，我們本可以好好度假。Would have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬。

25. But for my classmates’ help, I ___the work in time.

A. did not finish B. could not finish

C. will not finish D. would not have finished

【答案】D 此句是含有含蓄條件句“but for my classmate's help"的句子.因此要選擇一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。因?yàn)槭呛瓦^(guò)去的事實(shí)相反,因此D為正確答案。本句的意思是：“要不是同學(xué)們的幫助.我是不會(huì)按時(shí)完成任務(wù)的

26. If you_____ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.

A. hadn’t watched B. haven’t watched

C. wouldn’t have watched D. didn’t watch

【答案】A 此題考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)“如果你昨晚沒(méi)看那場(chǎng)電影”，事實(shí)是看了，因此句意與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

27. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.

A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know

C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know

【答案】D。如果他認(rèn)真聽(tīng)了課，他就會(huì)知道這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案了。錯(cuò)綜虛擬語(yǔ)氣，前半句對(duì)過(guò)去，后半句對(duì)現(xiàn)在。

28. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow.

---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting.

A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have

【答案】B。我以為你明天才回來(lái)呢。要是不用開(kāi)會(huì)，我就明天回來(lái)了。If從句對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬。

29. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

【答案】C。如果你聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的話，你現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)好了。前面對(duì)過(guò)去，后面對(duì)現(xiàn)在。

30. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen

C. should fall D. were to fall

【答案】B。如果我沒(méi)有在7歲的時(shí)候迷上Melinda Cox圖書館，很難想像我現(xiàn)在在做什么。

31. She says she’d rather he _____ tomorrow instead of today.

A. leaves B. left C. leave D. would leave

【答案】B。考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣，would rather后面賓語(yǔ)從句要用過(guò)去時(shí)，表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，此句描述將來(lái)

32. I’d ___ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.

A. rather B. better C. happier D. further

【答案】A I’d rather=I would rather：我寧愿……，后面接動(dòng)詞原形和從句。接從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示虛擬。better的類似用法時(shí)had better(do)：最好……。C和D項(xiàng)與題意不符。

33. Peter wishes that he ___ law instead of literature when he was in college.

A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study

【答案】C。wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，虛擬語(yǔ)氣中時(shí)態(tài)類似在非真實(shí)條件從句中時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用——時(shí)態(tài)后移。與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反(用過(guò)去時(shí))，I wish I were you .但愿我是你多好啊!與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的愿望(用過(guò)去完成時(shí))，I wish he hadn’t made the big mistake.他要是不犯那個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤，該有多好!與將來(lái)的愿望相反即愿望難以實(shí)現(xiàn)(用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))，I wish I could be of more use in the future.我希望我將來(lái)有點(diǎn)用處。

34. ---Did you see her off the day before yesterday?

----No, but I wish I_____.

A. were B. did C. had D. would

【答案】C。本題考虛擬語(yǔ)氣。事實(shí)他前天沒(méi)有去，現(xiàn)在是他希望前天送了那個(gè)人，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用had done。你前天有沒(méi)有去送他?沒(méi)有，我希望我送他了。

35. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ___ there.

A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be

【答案】C。 wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反(用過(guò)去時(shí))：主語(yǔ)+wish+從句(主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)…)I wish I were you .但愿我是你多好啊!與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的愿望(用過(guò)去完成時(shí)):I wishe he hadn’t made the big mistake.他要是不犯那個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤，該有多好!與將來(lái)的愿望相反即愿望難以實(shí)現(xiàn)(用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))I wish I could be of more use in the future.我希望我將來(lái)有點(diǎn)用處。

36. He recommended that John ______ with him.

A. must go B. went C. will go D. go

【答案】D。他要求約翰和他一起去。Recommend后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬。

37. The doctor’s advice was that the patient ____ at once.

A. to be operated B. being operated C. be operated D. operated

【答案】C 本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，advise, insist等動(dòng)詞后是接that sb. (shoud) do sth. 不用加to或變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞, 其名詞形式advice, insistence后面動(dòng)詞形式也一樣。此題又是被動(dòng)形式。所以直接為be operated。

38. His mother insisted that he ___ the coat when going out.

A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on

【答案】A insist：堅(jiān)持做某事+賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用(should)+do形式，表示虛擬。

39. He asked that it ______ done right away.

A. is B. be C. shall be D. must be

【答案】B。他要求這件事要立即做。Ask作為要求講的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬。表達(dá)主觀愿望。

40. We demand that atomic weapons ____ .

A. be prohibited B. will be prohibited C. are prohibited D. ought to be prohibited

【答案】A。我們要求禁止使用原子武器。Demand后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬。表達(dá)主觀愿望。

41. It is necessary that we ____ have a good command of English at college.

A. must B. have to C. should D. ought to

【答案】.C本句考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣：It is necessary that sb. (should) do sth. 這是一個(gè)固定句型，表示“某人應(yīng)當(dāng)，必須作某事”。

42. I don’t think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience.

A. be assigned B. is assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned

【答案】A “t advisable that......” 從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should do”should可省略。

43. It’s desired that she ___ to teach us at least twice a week.

A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come

【答案】C 本題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。在suggest, ask, decide, desire等詞表示建議，請(qǐng)求或命令的意思時(shí)，其后所跟的從句形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。她被要求一周叫我們兩次課。

44. It is highly desirable that a new president ___ for this university.

A. is appointed B. will be appointed C. be appointed D. has been appointed

【答案】C 本題考察的是主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣.其形式為:“It is +引起虛擬的形容詞或過(guò)去分詞 + that主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或should +動(dòng)詞原形.這樣的形容詞還有:advisable, appropriate, insistent, vital, preferable,essential等. 句意是“強(qiáng)烈希望這個(gè)大學(xué)有個(gè)新的校長(zhǎng)被任命.”

45. It was proposed that the matter ______ discussed at the next meeting.

A. would be B. will be C. was D. be

【答案】D。有人提議說(shuō)這個(gè)問(wèn)題下次會(huì)議的時(shí)候再討論。It is + 形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)+ that... .的主語(yǔ)從句中，表示要求，建議，提議，命令，請(qǐng)求等，從句的謂語(yǔ)用“should(可省略) +原形動(dòng)詞(或完成式)構(gòu)成”。

46. Her suggestion that everybody ___ was not appreciated.

A. sing a song B. sang a song C. sung a song D. singing a song

【答案】A。本句測(cè)試虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位從句中的用法。在suggestion, proposal, request，order 等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，用(should )+動(dòng)詞原形，表示虛擬，should常常省略。又如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.我的建議是我們派幾個(gè)人去幫助其他的小組。

47. The general’s command was that the soldiers ___ their fort and carry out more important tasks.

A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left

【答案】B。本句測(cè)試虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句的用法。在suggestion, proposal, request，order 等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，用“(should )+動(dòng)詞原形，表示虛擬，should常常省略。又如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.我的建議是我們派幾個(gè)人去幫助其他小組

48. My suggestion yesterday was that a meeting ______ to discuss the matter.

A. should hold B. must be held C. would be held D. be held

【答案】D此題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。關(guān)鍵詞在suggestion, 與suggest有關(guān)的形式都要與虛擬語(yǔ)氣掛鉤。會(huì)議是“被舉行”，故用被動(dòng)。

49. My idea is that we ______ the challenge.

A. ought accept B. will accept C. accept D. are accepted

【答案】C。我的想法是我們應(yīng)該接受挑戰(zhàn)。表示建議，要求，提議，命令，請(qǐng)求等意思有關(guān)的同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)用“should(可省略)+ 原形動(dòng)詞”，

50. Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable.

A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait

【答案】D。你的建議，她應(yīng)該等到下周，是合理的。

51. It’s high time we_______ something to stop traffic accident.

A do B will do C. did D must do

【答案】C It is high/about time 引導(dǎo)的句子中要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式.句意是“我們?cè)撟鲂┦裁慈ネＶ菇煌ㄊ鹿?”

52. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.

A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew

【答案】D。要是我能像你一樣知道如何操作這個(gè)電子計(jì)算機(jī)就好了。固定句型虛擬。

53. Let’s finish our homework in a few seconds; it’s time we _____.

A.played football B. will play football C. play football D. are playing football

【答案】A 本句考查1t is time that從句(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)表示虛擬)。

54. He talks as if he ___ everything in the world.

A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known

【答案】B as if “似乎，好像”引導(dǎo)的從句表虛擬，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示虛擬，故選B。句意為：他講起話來(lái)好像知道世界上所有的事一樣。

55. Written applications should be sent to us in case ___ some problems with the electric version.

A. there will be B. there is C. there be D. there was

【答案】C。in case 引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should +原形動(dòng)詞，should 可以省略。