2020成人高考學(xué)士學(xué)位英語試題精講：綜合訓(xùn)練（時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣）

1. I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I ___ him earlier.

A. had a telephone B. have phoned

C. should have phoned D. should be phoned

【答案】C。should(ought to)+have+過去分詞：表示對過去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評。You should have gone over your lessons.你們應(yīng)把功課復(fù)習(xí)好。You shouldn’t have watched TV last night.你們昨天晚上不應(yīng)該看電視。

2. Don’t you think it is time you ___ smoking?

A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up

【答案】B It is time sb did sth：該是做某事的時(shí)候了，固定用法，句中的動(dòng)詞使用虛擬語氣，用一般過去時(shí)表示。

3. I would have joined him in a picnic, but I _____ his company.

A. will not like B. don’t like C. had not liked D. might not like

【答案】B本題的題干是一個(gè)表示虛擬的句子，但是后面的句子表示真實(shí)語氣的。因此正確答案為B。本句的意思是：“我本來想?yún)⒓铀囊安偷?，但是我不喜歡他的伙伴們?！?/p>

4. I wish you ___ to me before you went and bought that car.

A. spoke B. will speak C. was going to speak D. had spoken

【答案】D 句中before后面的動(dòng)作時(shí)過去時(shí)態(tài)，表明已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，故B錯(cuò);因“我希望(I wish)”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在before從句中的動(dòng)作之前，所以選過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故D正確?！皐ish+賓語從句”表示與過去事實(shí)的虛擬：sb wish that … had done，表示“應(yīng)該發(fā)生而實(shí)際沒有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”。

5. ___the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.

A. If he took B. If he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken

【答案】D 此句測試虛擬語氣的用法。此句為和過去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬句，if省略，句子倒裝。因此D最符合題意。本句的意思是：“如果他聽了朋友們的勸告,他的生意就不會(huì)這么損失慘重?！?/p>

6. It’s vital that enough money _____ collected to get the project started.

A. is B. be C must be D. can be

【答案】B 此題考查虛擬語氣的用法。形容詞vital后面連接主語從句的時(shí)候要虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形。因此B為正確答案。

7. I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ___ next month for a dinner.

A. come B. would come C. came D. have come

【答案】C。would rather +句子(過去時(shí))(虛擬語氣)：I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said.你最好別告訴任何人我所說的話。I’d rather you came with me. 你還是和我一起來吧。

8. I believe he ___ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.

A. would have had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had

【答案】D 主語+must+have+過去分詞，表示對過去事實(shí)的推測。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.路是濕的，昨晚肯定下雨了。I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我沒有聽見電話玲響，我肯定是睡著了。

9. It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.

A.will be arranged B. must be arranged

C. be arranged D. would be arranged

【答案】C It is (was)+adj形容詞/過去分詞+that……結(jié)構(gòu)中形容詞后的主語從句用虛擬語氣表示愿望、建議、請求、命令、可能、適當(dāng)、迫切、重要等;should可省略。常用的形容詞由natural, appropriate, advisable, preferable, better, necessary, important, imperative, urgent, essential, vital, probable, possible, compulsory, crucial, desirable等。

10. You have stayed at home for two days. It’s time you_____ for a walk.

A. go out B. went out C. will go out D. would go out

【答案】B。虛擬語氣。固定句型It’s time that+過去式。他說你在家呆了兩天了，該是你出去散步了。

11. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ____ the same language?

A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak

【答案】A do you think是主句，后面的部分是賓語從句，而賓語從句是一個(gè)包含if 條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句;there would be判斷, if從句中可以用一般過去時(shí)spoke，表示現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。句意為; 你如果認(rèn)為人們都說同樣的語言，世界上就會(huì)少些沖突嗎?

12. The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ___ an operation right away so as to save his life.

A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have

【答案】C advise 后面的賓語從句中要求使用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞用(should)+do形式。

13. Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I ___it to you.”

A. will return B. must return C. could return D. would have returned

【答案】D 此句測試虛擬語氣的用法。因?yàn)轭}干中有句話had I seen your bag，表示和過去的事實(shí)相反的句子，if省略，因此D為正確答案。本句的意思是：瑪麗對我說：如果我看見了你的書包，我會(huì)還給你的。

14. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth_____ well.

A. would not grow B. will not grow C. had not grown D. would not be grown

【答案】A 本題考查虛擬語氣的用法。without引導(dǎo)含蓄的虛擬條件句,本句與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反因此選A。又如：Without electricity，there would not be modern industry 如果沒有電的話，就沒有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。

15. It is desirable that he ___.

A. gives up trying B. give up trying

C. would give up trying D. is going to give up trying

【答案】B。句型It is desirable (suggested，necessary，requested，ordered，proposed，important)+that+主語+should(可省略)+V(動(dòng)詞原形)。因此本句選B。如：It is strange that he(should)go himself.真奇怪，他怎么自己獨(dú)自去呢?