2019年成人高考英語(yǔ)句子怎么突破?你知道句子有哪些類型嗎?

句子成分

連詞用于引導(dǎo)從句以形成句子的一部分或修飾句子的構(gòu)成要素，連詞是連接單詞，短語(yǔ)，從句或句子的一種虛詞。

句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。

I met my best friend Tom at the station.

主語(yǔ)/謂語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如

They went to see an exhibition(展覽) yesterday(名詞)

The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time(代詞)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. (數(shù)詞)

They helped the old with their houseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

He pretended not to see me.(不定式短語(yǔ))

I enjoy listening to popular music.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))

I think(that) he is fit for his office.(賓語(yǔ)從句)

賓語(yǔ)種類

(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如: Lend me your dictionary, please

(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如: They elected him their monitor.

(3)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:

某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。

二、句子的分類例如

His father named him Dongming(名詞)

They painted their boat white(形容詞)

Let the fresh air in.(副詞)

You mustn 't force him to lend his money to you

不定式短語(yǔ)

We saw her enteringthe room(現(xiàn)在分詞)

We found everything in the lab in good order. (介詞短語(yǔ))

We will soon make our city what your city is now(從句)(一)句子種類概述句子按種類可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。

(二)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理

1.陳述句陳述句用來說明事實(shí)或表示說話人的看法。

1)陳述句的肯定形式。如We arestudents

We must obey the traffic rules

We clean the room every day

2)陳述句的否定形式

把陳述句改為否定句可以歸納為以下三種情況

(1)在be,have,will, shall(包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)后直接加not。如: We aren' t students

You needn't hand in your homework today

(2)在助動(dòng)詞do,does,或did后加not,再把它們放在行為動(dòng)詞前面,而行為動(dòng)詞用原形。如

We don't clean the room every day

3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出現(xiàn)no,nobody,few, little

neither,hardly,nor,never等。如

There are no books on the desk

I can hardly answer your question

2.疑問句

疑問句就是提出問題,讓對(duì)方作出回答。英語(yǔ)中有四種疑問句,即一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。

1)—般疑問句

用于詢問一個(gè)事實(shí)是否屬實(shí),其回答通常是Yes或No，其結(jié)構(gòu)為

be,will, have,助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+(主動(dòng)詞)/賓語(yǔ)

如Is she a university teacher?

Will it be windy tomorrow?

Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?

2)特殊疑問句

特殊疑問句對(duì)句中某特定部分提問,以特殊疑問詞開頭根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,不必用Yes或No回答。常見的特殊疑問詞有what,who,whom,when,what,time，where, why, which, whose, how old, how many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), how much+不可數(shù)名詞,how long, how far, howfast, how soon等。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問句+一般疑問句語(yǔ)句

如: Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?

What are you doing now?

How long have you lived here?

3)選擇疑問句

選擇疑問句通常提供兩種或兩種以上情況,詢問對(duì)方選擇哪一種。回答時(shí)選擇一種,不必用Yes或No。

一般疑問句+A or B

如: Is there any coffee or water in the cup?

Do you often play basketball or play the piano?

特殊疑問句,A or B?或A,B or C?

如: Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?

Which do you like better，the record or the ball?

4)反意疑問句

由兩部分組成,前半句為陳述句,后半句是一個(gè)附著在前半句上的簡(jiǎn)短問句,回答時(shí)用Yes或No。它的構(gòu)成和回答主要如下：

1)肯定陳述句+否定附加疑問部分?

如: They are interested in collecting stamps,aren't they?

Yes,they are.是的,他們對(duì)集郵感興趣的。

No,they aren't.不,他們對(duì)集郵不感興趣的。

2)否定陳述句+肯定附加疑問部分?

A:Tom didnt pass the exam, did he?

Yes,he did.不,他通過考試。

No,he didn't.是,他沒通過。

3.祈使句

祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、邀請(qǐng)、勸告等。

1)祈使句的肯定結(jié)構(gòu)

如: Come in, please

Let me have a try

Let'sgo to the cinema together.

2)祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在動(dòng)詞前面加上don’t

如: Don't be late for school

Don't walk on the grass

4.感嘆句

1)感嘆句表達(dá)說話人說話時(shí)的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。它常由what或how開頭或引導(dǎo)。

感嘆詞What+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(名詞)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)

A:What a mess picture it is!

What an exciting film we saw yesterday

2)感嘆詞How+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(形容詞或副詞)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)

如: How wonderful the film is!