成人高考英語中的定語從句是什么?定語從句解析及示例

成人高考英語雖說難度比不上全日制英語四級(jí)難度，但是英語這門科目考試涉及的句子中定語從句占絕大多數(shù)，考生若是能掌握這個(gè)句型，很多時(shí)候就可以一眼篩選出答案。那么成考英語中的定語從句是什么?今天一起來了解下。

(1)定語從句的分類

定語從句分為限制性定語從句，非限制性定語從句兩種。限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾和限制作用,而非限制性定語從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充和解釋說明作用。通常限制性定語從句與先行詞之間沒有逗號(hào),而非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開。

2)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞

定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞有:Who,whom, Whose, which,that,as;關(guān)系副詞有:When,Where,why。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句的先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用,同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分

由于連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句,因而從句中謂語不用疑問語序。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分,而連接詞 Whether和if(是否),在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用

(3)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法

①當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who作主語,whom作賓語;

②當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用 which,可作主語或賓語

③先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that,可作主語或賓語

(4)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

①限制性定語從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。例如：I was the only person in our office who was invited(去掉定語從句，句意就不完整)

②非限制性定語從句:從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定語從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。例如: Hismovie won several awards at the film festival, which was beyond his wildest dream.(去掉定語從句,主句的意思仍完整)

(5)使用定語從句時(shí)需注意的幾個(gè)問題

①用that而不用which的情況:先行詞為不定代詞all,anything, nothing,much…;先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;先行詞有only,very,any等詞修飾;先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。例如

Thereis nothing that can prevent him from doing it.

Thefirst place that they visited in Guilin was Lijingo.

Thisis the best coffee maker that I have ever been made

MrSmith is the only foreigner teacher that he knows

②用which而不用that情況:引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;指代整個(gè)主句

的意思;用于介詞的后面+關(guān)系代詞。例如:Chan's restaurant on Baker Street, which used to be poorly run， is now a successful business For many cities in the world， there is no room to spread our further, of which New York is anexample

③關(guān)系代詞as的用法

A.當(dāng)現(xiàn)行詞為 the same+名詞,such+名詞時(shí),要用關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語從句，例如

I wantto buy the same shirt as yours.

Suchmachines as are used in our workshop are made in Germany

b.as可指代主包的內(nèi)容,引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前

也可放在主句之后。常用于下列句型: as is known to all, as is said,as is reported, as is announced, aswe all know, as I expect等: He got the first place againin this mid-term examination as we expected

C.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)與 Which的區(qū)別

主句和從句語義一致時(shí),用as引導(dǎo);反之,用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定意義時(shí),常用 which引導(dǎo)。例如

He made a long speech as we expected。

He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

④關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。例如:

Theman who lives downstairs makes it a rule to run in the park in the morning。

⑤引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞+ which"來代替。例如

October1, 1949 was the day on which ( when)the new China was founded

⑥在介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞只能用which和whom，

且不能省略;如果介詞在句末,關(guān)系代詞可用 Which,that,Whom,口語中也可用who，且可省略。例如:

The man( whom/ who/that) you were talking about is proves to be friendly

1.狀語從句與其它相似結(jié)構(gòu)的辨析

①it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的時(shí)間狀語+that+其它句子成分,其特點(diǎn)是去掉It is/was和that原句仍然成立。例如. It was at midnmight-that we got home。

②It is/Was+時(shí)間+When/ before+從句表示“當(dāng)…發(fā)生時(shí),時(shí)間是…例如

It was late evening when the doctor arrived

③ It will be/was+時(shí)間段+ before+句子,表示“要過…才會(huì)發(fā)生某事或過了…發(fā)生了某事。例如:It will be years before we find a cure for cancer。

④it is/ has been+ since+句子,表示“自從…以來,時(shí)間過了…

例如

It's three years since I last saw her

2.分隔定語從句

有時(shí),定語從句不緊跟先行詞之后,中間被—個(gè)插入語、狀語、定語或謂語隔開。例如

There is an expression in his eyes that I can ' t understand

For these football fans, it was an exciting moment this year, when for the firsttime in years their team won the world cup。

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house to borrow anecklace?

The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that farawayvillage

Let's go into the restaurant across the street where you can sit down.

3.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別

在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞作某種句子成分,定語從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾和限制作用,而在同位語從句中,從對(duì)前面的抽象名詞起補(bǔ)充和解釋作用,連接詞不在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。例如

We heard the news that our school team had won the game.(同位語從句，that在從句中不作句子成分)

The news that he told me yesterday proves true.(定語從句,that在從句中作told的賓語)

The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.(定語從句,that在從句中作 offered的賓語)

She is worried about the possibility that she might lose her job。(同位語從句,that在從句中不作句子成分)

4.定語從句與名詞性從句的辨析

①與主語從句的辨析

As is known to all, the natural resources are reducing day by day. (非限制性定語從句)

It is known to all that the natural resources are reducing day by day.(主語從句)

What is known to all is that the natural resources are reducing day by day.

1.He found it increasingly difficult to read ，___his eyesight was beginning to fall

A.though

B.for

C.but

Dso

答案介詞：前句代表一個(gè)記過，而后句表示原因，因此應(yīng)填for，連詞for連接的并列句總是放在后面。最佳答案為B。

2.Stand over there，___ you'll be able to see the oil painting better.

A.but B. till C.and D.or

答案解析∶句首的祈使句和第二個(gè)分句的時(shí)態(tài)暗示空臼處應(yīng)填and,構(gòu)成祈使句+and+并列句"結(jié)構(gòu)。并列句表示條件,而and后的并列句表示結(jié)果。最佳答案為C。

3.___the Internet is of great help,I don' t think it's a good idea to spend too muchtime on it

A. itB while C. Because D. As

答案解析:句意為:“雖然因特網(wǎng)非常有用,但是我認(rèn)為上網(wǎng)花費(fèi)時(shí)間太多不是好事。連詞 While表示“雖然,盡管”,連接讓步狀語從句,最佳答案為B

4.You'd better not leave the medicine ___ kids can get at it

A.even if B Which C where D. so that

答案解析:句意為:“你最好不要把藥品放在孩子們能拿到的地方”,空白處之前為主句,之后為狀語從句,表示地點(diǎn),因此應(yīng)選連接詞 where,最佳答案為C

5.The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt___ the season。

A. whateverB. wherever C. whenever D. however

答案解析:句中含有讓步狀語從句 whatever the season is,其中is被省略。句意為:“無論什么季節(jié)那個(gè)律師總是穿牛仔褲和短袖汗衫”。最佳答案為A

6.When asked they needed most,the kids said they wanted to feel important andloved

A.What B. why C Whom D Which

答案解析:asked之后跟一個(gè)賓語從句,從中的needed缺少賓語,因此空白處應(yīng)填what,最佳答案為A

7.The last time we had great fun was___ wewere visiting the Water Park

A.Where B how C When D why

答案解析:從空白處到句末為表語從句,從句中主語、謂語、賓語齊全,但缺狀語。結(jié)合句意“上次我們開心是當(dāng)我們?nèi)ニ蠘穲@的時(shí)候”,因此選when,最佳答案為C。

8.It has been proved ___ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect youagainst serious illnesses in later life。

A.if B. because C. When D. that

答案解析:it為形式主語,代替的是主語從句,因從句中句子成分完整,句子意義明確,因此應(yīng)用that連接,最佳答案為D。

9.We went through a period ___ communications were very difficult in the ruralareas.

A. Which B Whose C.in which D with which

答案解析:句意為:“我們經(jīng)歷了一段時(shí)期，那時(shí)在農(nóng)村通訊非常困難”?？瞻缀鬄槎ㄕZ從句,句中為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),因此先行詞a period只能作狀語，表示時(shí)間,因此應(yīng)選介詞+關(guān)系代詞 in which,相當(dāng)于when,最佳答案為C