四六級(jí)語(yǔ)法：狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句 （Adverbial Clause） 狀語(yǔ)從句指句子用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。狀語(yǔ)從句中的從句可以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開。

一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：when（在…時(shí)）, as（當(dāng)…時(shí)）, while（在…期間）, as soon as（一……就……）, before（在…之前）, after（在...之后）, since（自從...以來(lái)） , not...until（直到…才）until/till(直到…時(shí)）等

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant（ 瞬間，頃刻）, immediately , directly（不久，立即）, no sooner … than（一...就...）, hardly …when（剛一...就...） , scarcely … when（剛...就.../一...就...）,as soon as(一…就…)。

當(dāng)用no sooner … than，hardly …when，scarcely … when作為引導(dǎo)詞的時(shí)候，從句要部分倒裝。

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

直到我成為了一個(gè)成年人我才意識(shí)到我的母親是多么的特殊。

While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

當(dāng)約翰看電視時(shí)，他的妻子正在做飯。

The children ran away from the orchard(果園), the moment they saw the guard.

孩子們一看到守衛(wèi)就逃出了果園。

No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.

我一到家就開始下雨了。

Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

每當(dāng)我聽取你的建議時(shí)，我就會(huì)惹上麻煩。

二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：where

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，有工廠的地方空氣污染就嚴(yán)重。

Wherever you go, you should work hard.

無(wú)論你去哪里，你都應(yīng)該努力工作。

地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型，例如：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.

在沒(méi)有雨水的地方，耕作是困難的或根本不可能的。

They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.

他們都是好人。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。

You should have put the book where you found it.

你應(yīng)該把書放回原來(lái)的地方。

Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.

有海就有海員。

三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as,

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.

我的朋友都不喜歡我，因?yàn)槲矣钟⒖∮殖晒Α?/p>

Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.

既然每個(gè)人都到了，讓我們開始我們的會(huì)議吧。

四、目的狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose of , to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

老板要求秘書快寫函件以便他能在上面簽字。

The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

為了讓后面的學(xué)生聽得更清楚，老師有意地提高了他的聲音。

注意，由for引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)并列句，不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，但有表原因的意思，是并列連詞。

五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：so … that, such … that, so that...

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

他很早起床以便趕上第一班公共汽車

It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

這是一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)，千萬(wàn)不能錯(cuò)過(guò)它

To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

他激動(dòng)到這個(gè)程度，以至于他昨晚睡不著

This news is exciting, so that he jumped up.

這個(gè)消息太令人激動(dòng)了，以至于他跳了起來(lái)

六、條件狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,whether(whether...or not)

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case（美語(yǔ)中表?xiàng)l件，英語(yǔ)中表目的）, on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

如果總統(tǒng)同意，我們將開始我們的項(xiàng)目

You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

只要你繼續(xù)努力，你一定會(huì)成功的。

Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

如果沒(méi)有人反對(duì)，我們就在這里開會(huì)。

七、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.

盡管我很尊敬他， 但是我卻不同意他的建議。

The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.

老人都很喜歡游泳，即使天氣很惡劣。

No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.

不論他如何努力，她都不會(huì)改變她的主意。

He won’t listen whatever you may say.

他不會(huì)聽你說(shuō)什么。

八、比較狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more …（越來(lái)...越...） ; just as …， so…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B,the 比較級(jí) ,the 比較級(jí).

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

她和她媽媽一樣脾氣很壞。

The house is three times as big as ours.

這房子是我們的三倍大。

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

你運(yùn)動(dòng)的越多，你就越健康。

Food is to men what oil is to machine.

食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。。

九、方式狀語(yǔ)從句

常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if

特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the way

When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

入國(guó)問(wèn)禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。

She behaved as if she were the boss.

她表現(xiàn)得好像她是老板。

Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

有時(shí)，我們用父母教導(dǎo)我們的方式教導(dǎo)我們的孩子。

十、狀語(yǔ)從句的省略

狀語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件:①主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，或從句主語(yǔ)為it；②從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be的某種形式。從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞?？墒÷?。例如：

When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .

當(dāng)博物館完成，該博物館將于明年向公眾開放。

He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.

如果可能，他將去海邊度假的話

另外，比較狀語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：

I’m taller than he (is tall ).

我比他高

The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).

溫度越高，氣壓越大