?自考英語(yǔ)二（下）課文翻譯之unit8

自考英語(yǔ)二（下）課文翻譯之unit8

Unit Eight

Jet Lag: Prevention and Cure

噴氣飛機(jī)時(shí)差綜合癥的預(yù)防和治療

The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time . But do you have to suffer? Understand what it is. and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, and your flights will be less stressful.

噴氣飛機(jī)時(shí)差綜合癥是每個(gè)乘坐國(guó)際航班旅行的人在某個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)碰到的問(wèn)題。但你是否就這樣忍受著?如果你能了解噴氣飛機(jī)時(shí)差綜合癥是怎么回事以及注意飲食怎樣把它的不良作用減少到最小，你坐飛機(jī)的緊張程度就會(huì)輕些。

The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. It is due lo changes in the body's physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment.

乘飛機(jī)旅行對(duì)身體的影響實(shí)際上遠(yuǎn)比我們意識(shí)到的更令人焦灼不安。時(shí)差綜合癥不是對(duì)不同時(shí)區(qū)進(jìn)行調(diào)整的心理后果。它是身體的生理調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制， 特別是激素系統(tǒng)，在不同環(huán)境中發(fā)生變化所引起的。

Confused? So was John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary of Stale, when he flew to Egypt to conduct negotiations on the Aswan Dam. He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag.

是不是被弄糊涂啦?美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)卿約翰. 福斯特.杜勒斯從美國(guó)飛往埃及談判阿斯旺水壩問(wèn)題時(shí)就被弄糊涂了。 他后來(lái)把自己在談判中判斷失誤歸咎于時(shí)差綜合癥。

The effects can be used to advantage, too. President Johnson once conducted an important meeting in Guam and kept the entire proceedings at Washington DC time. The White House working personnel were as fresh as paint, while the locals, in this case, were jet-lagged. Essentially, they had been instantaneously transported to America.

但是乘飛機(jī)旅行對(duì)身體的影響也可使之對(duì)人有利。約翰遜總統(tǒng)曾在關(guān)島主持一次重要會(huì)議， 整個(gè)會(huì)議按華盛頓時(shí)間進(jìn)行。 白宮的工作人員個(gè)個(gè)精力充沛， 而當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽谶@種情況下卻得了時(shí)差綜合癥。從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)，他們瞬間一下子被運(yùn)到了美國(guó)。

Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it.A great number of the body's events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. Naturally these have to be regulated,and there are two regulatory systems which interact.

既然我們懂得了噴氣飛機(jī)時(shí)差綜合癥是怎么回事，我們就能夠在解決它方而有所作為。我們身體的大量活動(dòng)都按時(shí)在一天中的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的。很自然它們需要調(diào)整。這時(shí)兩個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)相互起作用。

One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour— yes, 25— rhythm. Normally the two timers are in step, and the external cues tend to regularise the internal clocks to the more convenient 24 hour period.

一個(gè)定時(shí)系統(tǒng)根據(jù)我們的官能和饑餓感以及我們?cè)谀硞€(gè)特定時(shí)區(qū)所經(jīng)受的周期性變化。 另一個(gè)定時(shí)系統(tǒng)在我們的體內(nèi)時(shí)鐘內(nèi) (其中一個(gè)主要時(shí)鐘可能位于我們大腦的稱為超交叉核的那部分中) 這些體內(nèi)時(shí)鐘在不受干擾時(shí)， 會(huì)使人體有一個(gè) 25 小時(shí)——是的， 25 小時(shí)——的生理節(jié)奏。正常情況下兩個(gè)定時(shí)系統(tǒng)是同步的，外部的信號(hào)會(huì)將體內(nèi)時(shí)鐘調(diào)節(jié)到更方便的24 小時(shí)周期。

If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different,the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together,now they ring at different times. Similarly, the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising.

然而如果你把整個(gè)身體移到一個(gè)時(shí)差4 個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)區(qū)，兩個(gè)時(shí)鐘就不再同步，正像兩個(gè)鬧鐘通常被一起定時(shí)， 但現(xiàn)在定時(shí)相差幾個(gè)小時(shí)， 兩個(gè)鬧鐘通常同時(shí)報(bào)時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在則不同時(shí)間報(bào)時(shí)。和時(shí)鐘相似，人體可以定時(shí)在晚上，而這時(shí)太陽(yáng)正在升起來(lái)。

In time the physiological system will reset itself,but it does take time. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat.Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust.

經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間之后， 生理系統(tǒng)將會(huì)自我調(diào)整過(guò)來(lái)， 但這需要時(shí)間一個(gè)很容易監(jiān)測(cè)到的節(jié)奏是手掌出汗。一個(gè)人飛往某個(gè)時(shí)差為10 小時(shí)的時(shí)區(qū)將需要 8 天的時(shí)間重新調(diào)節(jié)他的手掌出汗情況。 血壓也是有節(jié)奏性的， 需要 4 天才能調(diào)整過(guò)來(lái)。

One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. The hormone cortisol, which controls salt and water excretion, is made in the morning, wherever the body is.But the growth hormone is released during sleep, whenever in the day that sleep occurs. Normally these two hormones are separated by seven or eight hours, but if the body arrives at a destination in the early morning (local) and goes to sleep as soon as possible, the two hormones will be released simultaneously.

出現(xiàn)這種差異的一個(gè)原因是人體的不同活動(dòng)受到不同因素的支配。激素皮質(zhì)醇控制鹽和水的排泄， 不管人體處于何地， 它都是在早晨形成的。 但生長(zhǎng)激素在睡眠時(shí)才分泌， 而不論一天中什么時(shí)候睡覺(jué)。 這兩種激素的分泌時(shí)間通常間隔七八個(gè)小時(shí)，但如果人體在(當(dāng)?shù)?清晨很早到達(dá)目的地并且盡快睡覺(jué)，這兩種激素將會(huì)同時(shí)分泌。

What can we do about it? It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut.It relies on two things — the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee.The basic assumptions are:Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night.Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral.Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness,while carbohydrates promote sleep.Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.

我們對(duì)此該怎么辦呢?不可能等上4 天直到身體習(xí)慣新的時(shí)區(qū)。 幸好我們有個(gè)捷徑。這靠?jī)杉|西——利用胃的力量調(diào)節(jié)其他活動(dòng)發(fā)生的時(shí)間和利用咖啡的藥理作用。基本的設(shè)想是：早晨喝咖啡可以延遲體內(nèi)時(shí)鐘， 晚上可以加快體內(nèi)時(shí)鐘， 下午三點(diǎn)左右喝咖啡對(duì)人體時(shí)鐘不起作用。膳食中的蛋白質(zhì)引起不眠， 而碳水化合物促人人睡。 空腹進(jìn)食有助使體內(nèi)時(shí)鐘得到調(diào)整。

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