?自考英語二（下）課文翻譯之unit7

自考英語二（下）課文翻譯之unit7

Unit Seven

Leisure and Leadership

休閑與導(dǎo)向

Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of service for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increase concern.

觀察與研究成果表明， 生活在先進(jìn)的工業(yè)化社會的人們越來越關(guān)心休閑的機(jī)會和休閑中他們能干些什么。 人們賦予帶薪休假的重要性和大眾娛樂服務(wù)的快速發(fā)展是日益關(guān)注這一問題的標(biāo)志。

The term "quality of life" is difficult to define. It covers a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. Generally speaking, the quality of life, especial as seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree I which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction. to the individual.

生活質(zhì)量這一術(shù)語不易定義，它包括范圍很廣，如生活環(huán)境、健康、就業(yè)、飲食、家庭生活、朋友、教育、物質(zhì)的占有、休閑與娛樂等等。一般來說，生活質(zhì)量，特別在個人看來， 其意義是由這些不同的生活領(lǐng)域可以供個人享受或者可以使個人滿意的程度來衡量的。

As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.

休閑作為空閑時進(jìn)行的自己認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)幕顒?，具有下列功能：放松、娛樂、個人發(fā)展。這些功能的重要性隨著個人工作性質(zhì)與生活方式的不同而變化，所以在工作中需要付出很多精力的人， 更渴望休閑時放松， 而受過良好教育、 從事專業(yè)工作的人可能更趨向于休閑時尋求娛樂和個人發(fā)展，如掌握技巧，培養(yǎng)愛好。

The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one's environment;to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself  by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in the programmes.

對休閑的具體利用人與人不同， 即使是同一休閑活動， 不同的人也有不同利用方式。下面就是對最常見的休閑方式看電視的不同利用：改變感受來“逃避”工作壓力與緊張; 更多了解自己周圍正在發(fā)生的一切; 通過對比節(jié)目中描繪的他人生活經(jīng)歷，提供機(jī)會理解自己。

In an urban society in which highly structured,fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more "balanced" way of life.

在城市社會中，結(jié)構(gòu)緊密、節(jié)奏快捷、充滿壓力的工作籠罩著人們的生活，某種不同性質(zhì)的經(jīng)歷， 不管是看電視還是看鳥， 都能導(dǎo)致自我更新和一種更加 “平衡”的生活方式。

Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take toone's interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in waysthat will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

由于休閑基本上是自己決定的事， 個人就可以培養(yǎng)自己的興趣和愛好， 并以能為自己帶來享樂和滿足的方式參與某項活動。

Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, and the mass media. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and of a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.

我們的喜愛與厭惡、品味與偏愛決定我們選擇這樣的活動，如：讀書、看電影、野營、或者某些文化追求，所有這些活動均與社會環(huán)境和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷有關(guān)。我們通過家庭、學(xué)校、工作、和大眾傳媒獲得對不同事物、不同主題的興趣。基本上說，上述態(tài)度相當(dāng)于一個共識： 休閑是生活的一個重要方面; 相當(dāng)于一個信念：休閑能夠并且應(yīng)該充分利用。

Professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways.

Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have in shaping our attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure. Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.

從事娛樂業(yè)的專業(yè)工作者也會發(fā)現(xiàn)， 培養(yǎng)大眾積極的休閑態(tài)度對促進(jìn)他們以創(chuàng)造性的，滿意的方式利用休閑時間十分必要。因此，可以認(rèn)為，我們在不同環(huán)境中接觸的人都可能對形成我們?nèi)绾翁幚硇蓍e時間的態(tài)度、興趣、甚至技巧產(chǎn)生影響。這也是一種導(dǎo)向形式。

Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicator in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests.For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuit: are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

父母、學(xué)校的老師、 工作中的同事、 大眾媒體的傳播上作者都能對我們的興趣產(chǎn)生潛在的影響。 比如，學(xué)校鼓勵參加游戲、 運動和文化活動的程度和方式可能對形成學(xué)生的休閑態(tài)度起一定的作用。

Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment, of a balanced development of the person. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

學(xué)校常常把達(dá)到個人均衡發(fā)展定為它們的教育目標(biāo)對此追求得越認(rèn)真，就越可能鼓勵人們對待休閑和學(xué)術(shù)工作持積極態(tài)度。

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