?2020年成教學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料之閱讀理解透析

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Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed (緊抱的) flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.

Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. (76) Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects.

I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil, reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle (謎)，because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research.

But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.

1. According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be ________.

A. full of enthusiasm B. self-disciplined

C. full of ambition D. knowledgeable

2. The first paragraph tells us that the author ________.

A. lost his hearing when he was a child

B. didn’t like his brothers and sisters

C. was born to a naturalist’s family

D. was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood

3. The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he ________.

A. just reads about other people’s observations and discoveries

B. comes up with solutions in most natural ways

C. has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic

D. lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist

4. The author can’t remember his relatives clearly because________.

A. he was fully occupied with observing nature

B. he didn’t live very long with them

C. the family was extremely large

D. he was too young when he lived with them

5. Which of the following statement is true?

A. The author believes that a born naturalist cannot be a scientist.

B. The author’s brothers and sisters were good at music and languages.

C. The author read a lot of books about the natural world and the oil industry.

D. The author spent a lot of time working on riddles.

[答案詳解]

1. A【解析】推斷題。作者在本文中從自身經(jīng)歷的角度談?wù)摬┪飳W(xué)家是天生的而非后天培養(yǎng)的。第二段中，作者提到自己兒時(shí)的記憶，對(duì)其他的事物記憶模糊，相反，對(duì)小狗、鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)、昆蟲(chóng)記憶猶新。第三段的第二句“我非常熱愛(ài)自然世界，我對(duì)自然世界充滿(mǎn)熱情，這使我開(kāi)始進(jìn)行各種探索調(diào)查”。從這些來(lái)判斷，就作者而言，天生的博物學(xué)家首先應(yīng)具備的品質(zhì)是 “充滿(mǎn)熱情”，所以，選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B“自律”是作者談及成為科學(xué)家所應(yīng)具備的關(guān)鍵素質(zhì)，這也是他自己所缺乏的。選項(xiàng)C“有雄心”和選項(xiàng)D“知識(shí)淵博”文中沒(méi)有提及。

2. D【解析】事實(shí)判斷題。在第一段中，作者說(shuō)道，盡管他與兄弟姐妹以同樣的方式被培養(yǎng)大，他們很快拋棄了他們?cè)矏?ài)的花朵和昆蟲(chóng)，而他與他們不一樣。所以得出作者對(duì)花草和昆蟲(chóng)感興趣，即選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

3. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。在第四段中作者說(shuō)道，好奇心、敏銳的眼光、良好的記憶力和對(duì)動(dòng)物、植物界的喜愛(ài)不能造就一個(gè)科學(xué)家。一個(gè)科學(xué)家所需的最突出和關(guān)鍵的品質(zhì)是自律，而這也是作者所不具備的。所以，作者說(shuō)自己是博物學(xué)家而不是科學(xué)家很可能是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為自己“缺乏科學(xué)家所需具備的一些品質(zhì)”。故選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

4. A【解析】推斷題。此題這樣問(wèn)道，作者不能清楚記得他親戚的原因是什么。如上面分析的那樣，在第二段中，作者提到自己兒時(shí)的記憶，對(duì)自己的玩具、住的房屋和自己的親戚、家人記憶模糊，相反，對(duì)狗、鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)、尤其是昆蟲(chóng)記憶猶新、歷歷在目。第三段中還說(shuō)，他自己是個(gè)博物學(xué)家而非科學(xué)家，因?yàn)樗麩釔?ài)自然世界，對(duì)此充滿(mǎn)熱情。結(jié)合本題的各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)“作者與親戚在一起住的時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)”，C選項(xiàng)“家族過(guò)于龐大”，D選項(xiàng)“那時(shí)他太小”。這些在文中都沒(méi)有提及。綜合起來(lái)，我們可以得出 A為最佳選項(xiàng)，即：他全身心地觀(guān)察大自然是他記不清他親戚的原因。

5. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。本題題干：下列哪一項(xiàng)是對(duì)的，此類(lèi)題需要我們從文中的細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)，綜合運(yùn)用排除法來(lái)確定答案。選項(xiàng)A“作者認(rèn)為天生的自然學(xué)家不能成為科學(xué)家”不正確。因?yàn)樵诘谒亩巫髡哒劦搅耍闷嫘?、敏銳的眼光、良好的記憶力和對(duì)動(dòng)物、植物世界的喜愛(ài)不能成就科學(xué)家(承接上一段，我們得知這些都是博物學(xué)家所具備的);科學(xué)家所具備的重要的品質(zhì)之一是自律。作者最后提到如果誰(shuí)能把這兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)，誰(shuí)就能在自然學(xué)界和科學(xué)界都取得最佳成績(jī)?？磥?lái)博物學(xué)家和科學(xué)家并不矛盾。B選項(xiàng)“作者的兄弟姐妹擅長(zhǎng)音樂(lè)和語(yǔ)言”，與第一段最后一句相符，即：“與他們同，我不擅長(zhǎng)音樂(lè)和語(yǔ)言(have no ear for music and languages)”，所以正確。選項(xiàng)C、D是對(duì)第三段第三、第五句的曲解，很容易排除。

[單詞詳解]

1. convince [k?n'vins]: Vt. 使信服，使相信

[習(xí)慣搭配] convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事

be convinced of 確信，承認(rèn)

be convinced that 確信，承認(rèn)

[例句] I convince him of my honesty. 我使他相信我的誠(chéng)實(shí)。

2. bring up: 撫養(yǎng);養(yǎng)育，訓(xùn)練。

3. abandon [?'b?nd?n]: Vt.放棄。強(qiáng)調(diào)“完全、永遠(yuǎn)地遺棄”，尤其是指遺棄以前感興趣或負(fù)有責(zé)任的人或物。

[例句] He abandoned his wife and child. 他遺棄了他的妻子和孩子。

4. have ear for: 對(duì)...有鑒賞力

have no ear for: 對(duì)...沒(méi)有鑒賞力

[例句] You really have an ear for pop music. 你確實(shí)對(duì)流行音樂(lè)很有欣賞力。

Any singer needs to have an ear for music. 任何歌唱家都要對(duì)音樂(lè)十分敏感。

5. mental arithmetic: 心算

mental: adj. 精神的, 思想的, 心理的; 智力的, 腦力的

[例句] mental and manual labour 腦力勞動(dòng)和體力勞動(dòng)

arithmetic: [?'riθm?tik] n. 算術(shù), 計(jì)算

[例句] performs simple arithmetic functions. 進(jìn)行最簡(jiǎn)單的算術(shù)運(yùn)算。

6. dim [dim] adj.微暗的;朦朧的;模糊的, 看不清楚的

[例句]dim light of a candle 微弱的燭光;a dim memory of the past 對(duì)過(guò)去的模糊記憶

7. recall [ri'k?:l] vt. 使回憶, 回想; 使想起

[例句]I recall seeing him 我記得見(jiàn)過(guò)他.

8. crystal ['kristl] n.水晶

crystal clear 完全透明的; [喻]極其明白, 十分清楚

9. above all adv.最重要, 首先

[例句] above all, you must be independent. 最重要的是，你必須獨(dú)立。

10. have a strong love of 非常喜歡…

11. enthusiasm [in'θju:zi?z?m] n.熱心, 熱情, 狂熱, 積極性(for)

[例句]Their enthusiasm was infectious. 他們的熱情有感染力。

12. led … into把…引入

[例句] The pipes lead the water into the fields. 這些管道把水引到田里。

This course can only lead you into trouble. 這條路只會(huì)給你帶來(lái)麻煩。

13. varied ['vε?rid] adj. 各種各樣的; 有變化的

[例句] Holiday jobs are many and varied. 假期的工作又多又雜.

14. investigation [in?vesti'ɡei∫?n] n.調(diào)查

[習(xí)慣搭配]bear investigation 經(jīng)得起考查, 不怕追查

conduct an investigation in 對(duì)...進(jìn)行研究

carry on an investigation in 對(duì)...進(jìn)行研究

conduct an investigation into 對(duì)...進(jìn)行研究

carry on an investigation into 對(duì)...進(jìn)行研究

under investigation 在調(diào)查研究中

[例句]It is under investigation. 那件事正在調(diào)查中。

15. favorite ['fe?v?r?t] adj .心愛(ài)的;中意的;喜愛(ài)的

[例句]Oranges are my favorite fruit. 柑橘是我最喜愛(ài)的水果。

16. burn the midnight oil開(kāi)夜車(chē)

[例句]It looks like we'll have to burn the midnight oil again tonight. 看來(lái)我們今晚又要開(kāi)夜車(chē)了。

17. observation[??bz?:'vei∫?n]n. 觀(guān)察;(觀(guān)察后發(fā)表的)言論, 意見(jiàn); 短評(píng)

[習(xí)慣搭配]keep sb. under observation 監(jiān)視[觀(guān)察]某人

18. conscious ['k?n∫?s] adj.知道的， 意識(shí)到的

[例句]Your conscious mind. 你的意識(shí)。

19. fancy ['f?nsi] vt. 想象, 設(shè)想

20. fit together組合, 結(jié)合

[例句]These broken pieces of plates don't fit together. 這些盤(pán)子碎片拼合不起來(lái)。

21. result in v.導(dǎo)致

[例句]Their efforts result in failure. 他們的努力歸于失敗。

22. honor [?n?(r)] vt.敬重;尊敬;使榮耀

[例句] Will you honor me with a visit? 如蒙光臨，十分榮幸。

He was honored for his courage in battle. 他因在戰(zhàn)斗中的英勇表現(xiàn)而受到尊敬。

23. curiosity [kju?ri'?siti] n. 好奇心; 求知欲

[例句] Curiosity killed the cat. 好奇心，惹禍根。

24. keen [ki:n] adj. 鋒利的, 敏銳的, 強(qiáng)烈的, 敏捷的, 熱心的, 渴望的

[例句]Having very keen eyesight. 目光銳利的

25. outstanding [aut'st?ndi?] adj.顯著的; 著名的

[例句]You're an outstanding individual.你真是杰出人材。

26. essential [i'sen∫?l] adj. 重要的, 主要的, 根本的;本質(zhì)的, 實(shí)質(zhì)的

[例句]This is not essential. 這是最不重要的。

27. combine [k?m'bain] vt. 使聯(lián)合[結(jié)合]

[例句]combine theory with practice 使理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合