?語言與文化自考2018年10月真題

語言與文化自考2018年10月真題及答案解析

該試卷為自考語言與文化歷年真題試卷，包含答案及詳細(xì)解析。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題

Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 1 points for each) Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statements or questions, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statements or answers the question. Blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.Without the emergence of______man would remain what he was one or two million years ago.

A.culture
B.speech
C.language
D.thinking

2.When we say that language is______, we mean that the language is rule governed.

A.systematic
B.arbitrary
C.vocal
D.symbolic

3.The relationship between a word and an object in the real world to which the word refers is _______the meaning of the word.

A.connotative
B.social
C.affective
D.conceptual

4.If an entry in a dictionary consists of two or more words, it will be treated as a______.

A.phrase
B.clause
C.compound
D.sentence

5.The following Chinese sentences are implicit passive sentences EXCEPT_______.

A.花曬著太陽了。
B.紅旗被插上了井岡山。
C.濕衣服吹吹風(fēng)，干得快。
D.道路加寬了，立交橋也修起來了。

6.The following sentences have hypotactic relations EXCEPT “______.”

A.Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast
B.The man ran away when he saw the dog
C.John loves Mary and Mary loves John, too
D.He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc

7.“Flora” is a quite common English name. It belongs to_______names.

A.religious
B.weapon
C.flower
D.knowledge

8.In English speaking countries some elderly persons may use “_______” as a vocative to address a young lad without meaning to offend.

A.son
B.lad
C.man
D.buddy

9.The meaning of the idiom “the cat’s got your tongue” is “______.”

A.you’re joking
B.you’re clumsy
C.you’re very quiet
D.you’re angry

10.The sentence “她是個(gè)王熙鳳式的人物” uses an allusion from a Chinese literary work _______.

A.Three Kingdoms
B.Dream of Red Mansions
C.Water Margin
D.Pilgrimage to the West

11.In the sentence, “Bring the child down to me for a fortnight. I have a huge old garden where he can be as free as a bird”, the tenor is_______.

A.a bird
B.a fortnight
C.a huge old garden
D.the child

12.In the following metaphorical expressions, “______” shows ideas are food.

A.That idea won’t sell
B.That’s budding theory
C.We don’t need to spoon-feed our students
D.That cuts right into the heart of that matter

13.There are more honourifics in Oriental language than in European language. ______ is particularly rich in honourifics.

A.Chinese
B.Japanese
C.English
D.French

14.Pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions that are used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths are ______.

A.honourifics
B.terms of humility
C.euphemisms
D.taboos

15.Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components are linked through the use of______.

A.conjunctions
B.juxtaposition
C.punctuation
D.prepositions

16.For the whole day he climbed up the steer mountainside, almost without stopping. And in all this time he met no one.In the above example, the logical relationship between the sentences is_______ relations.

A.additive
B.adversative
C.causal
D.temporal

17.The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of “______” in words.

A.a
B.r
C.i
D.wh

18.Advertisement English differs from other varieties of English in many ways. A tactful use of homophones can be found in the following advertisement“______.”

A.Never bathe alone
B.Tm MORE satisfied (cigarette)
C.7 days without 7-up make one weak (beverage)
D.We’ve hidden a garden full of vegetables where you"d never expected in a pie

19.Nonverbal messages which serve the function of______the verbal messages are ones that could stand alone if the verbal messages were not present.

A.complementing
B.repeating
C.contradicting
D.regulating

20.When an item in the target nonverbal communication systems corresponds in both form and meaning to an item in the native nonverbal communication system, the learner can simply_______the item in his or her native non-communication systems to the target ones.

A.associate
B.transfer
C.interpret
D.differentiate

二、多項(xiàng)選擇題

Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)

11.Thought is the_____of the human brain.

A.function
B.influence
C.product
D.medium

12.The word “young”is associated with “______”in English culture.

A.vigorous
B.creative
C.inexperienced
D.flexible

13.Which of the words have inflectional morphemes?

A.running.
B.eats.
C.quickly.
D.worked.

14.Among the following forms of address, ______are NOT accepted in English culture.

A.Mayor Stone
B.Accountant Smith
C.Teacher Jones
D.Director Black

15.What is true about a proverb?

A.A proverb is a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom.
B.A proverb is usually compressed in meaning.
C.A proverb contains scientific accuracy rather than folk wisdom.
D.A proverb often involves a bold image or a jingle that catches the memory.

16.Metaphors can be found in the sentence“______.”

A.That young man is a bear at mathematics
B.He is as strong as a horse
C.His words stabbed at her heart
D.Pop looked so unhappy, almost like a child who has lost his piece of candy

17.“不敢當(dāng)” in Chinese can be translated into “______.”

A.It’s very kind of you to say so
B.You praised me too much
C.Not really
D.Thank you

18.In which of the following sentences can paratactic relations be found?

A.I believe he is an honest man.
B.He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc.
C.The man ran away when he saw the dog.
D.Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast

19.Words that are used in American English are ______.

A.bar
B.trousers
C.flat
D.candy

110.Which of the following are typical examples of emblems?

A.The “pointing”gesture, when accompanying language.
B.Patting one"s pen or pencil on the desk, rubbing one"s arms, nail biting.
C.The “salute”gesture (formed by briskly bringing a flattened hand to the right side of the forehead).
D.The“OK”gesture (with one’s thumb and forefinger forming an O shape and the other three fingers stretching out).

三、填空題

Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)

21.The medium of verbal interaction is_______without which cooperation would be impossible.

22.The Chinese equivalent for“housewarming”is______rather than “室內(nèi)供曖”.

23.It is often said that English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese a language with______grammar.

24.In English culture, “title +_______”vocatives are normally used in formal situations.

25.An idiom is a construction, expression, etc, having a meaning different from the _______ one or not according to the usual patterns of the language.

26.A direct comparison between two or more unlike things, normally introduced by “l(fā)ike” or“as”is a _______.

27.Honourifics are used to show_______to one’s interlocutors and persons mentioned in conversations, while terms of humility are used to show the speaker’s modesty.

28.In English letters of request and indeed in most English letters, the_____for which the letter is written precedes the supporting information.

29.Generally the English news report serves to amuse the reader, to present a piece of news in a light tone, while the Chinese news report is almost exclusively______.

210.Human territories can be classified into three basic categories: primary territory, secondary territory and_______territory.

四、簡(jiǎn)答題

Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)

31.What does culture mean in a broad sense?

32.What is emphasized by collectivism?

33.Why was“Poison”that seemed a shock to people used as a perfume brand name?

34.What is psychological time orientation?

五、翻譯題

Translation. (18%)

41.今天的人民日?qǐng)?bào)在哪兒?

42.沒什么，這是我應(yīng)該做的。

43.知識(shí)就是力量。

44.久仰大名

45.a nine days wonder

46.red handed

六、論述題

Discuss the following topics. (20%)

51.What are allusions? How do they reflect culture?

52.Discuss the features of styles of language by analyzing the following sentences.(1)Visitors should go up the stairs at once.(2)Would you mind going upstairs right away, please?(3)Time you all went upstairs, now.