?英語(yǔ)科技文選自考2017年04月真題

自考責(zé)任編輯：彭雅倩 2019-06-23

摘要：該試卷為自考英語(yǔ)科技文選歷年真題試卷，包含答案及詳細(xì)解析。

英語(yǔ)科技文選自考2017年04月真題及答案解析

該試卷為自考英語(yǔ)科技文選歷年真題試卷，包含答案及詳細(xì)解析。

一、閱讀理解題

Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)

(A) Trees are known to improve air quality by capturing six common air pollutants and toxic gases: ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and lead. In fact, a single tree can absorb 10 pounds of air pollutants per year. In a study published in 2014, U.S. Forest Service scientists and collaborators calculated that trees are saving more than 850 human lives a year and preventing 670,000 incidents of acute respiratory symptoms. The researchers valued the human health effects of the reduced air pollution at nearly $7 billion every year. “We found that, in general, the greater the tree cover, the greater the pollution removal, and the greater the removal and population density, the greater the value of human health benefits,” says Dave Nowak of the U.S. Forest Service. More recently a 2015 study from the Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) in Barcelona, Spain found that children exposed to more greenery—as measured by satellite imagery of their schools and neighborhoods—demonstrated better attention skills and memory development. While the association was partly mediated by reductions in air pollution, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, one of the study’s authors, noted that he and the study’s other researchers don’t think it’s all air pollution: “I think it’s also some kind of direct effect... you see quite a beneficial effect of green space on mental health.” Numerous recent studies have focused on the positive effects that exposure to trees and nature has on our mental health. A recent study published in the journal Nature combined satellite imagery, individual tree data, and health surveys from 31,109 residents of the greater Toronto, Canada area, and found that people who live in areas with higher street tree density report better health perception compared with their peers living in areas with lower street tree density. “People have sort of neglected the psychological benefits of the environment,” says Marc G. Berman, an author of the study and professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. “I’m very interested in how the physical environment affects the brain and behavior.” Such studies correlate to the“biophilia hypothesis” associated with German-born American psychoanalyst Erich Fromm and Harvard evolutionary biologist Edward O. Wilson. The hypothesis proposes that humans have evolutionary biological and psychological needs attached with the natural world. According to the book. The Biophilia Hypothesis, co-edited by Wilson and Yale social ecology professor Stephen R. Kellert, relentless environmental destruction could have a significant impact on our psychological and spiritual quality of life. “Why do people bring flowers to the hospital all the time? Is it just superficial? Is it just a nice gesture, nice but not important? I would suggest that it is a much deeper recognition of the healing effects associated with affirming life,” Kellert told Yale 360. With over 80 percent of Americans living in urban areas, this newer research implies an indispensable need for growth and implementation in urban tree planting, urban greening and biophilic design in educational institutions and places of business for enriched physical and mental health. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

A.trees improve air quality.
B.The tree cover has much to do with the value of human health benefits.
C.Being around trees helps people feel good.
D.The physical environment affects the brain and behavior.

2.The author mentions all the following air pollutants and toxic gases EXCEPT______.

A.particulate matter
B.carbon dioxide
C.ground-level ozone
D.lead

3.The phrase “associated with” in line 1, paragraph 6, is closest in meaning to______.

A.suggested by
B.connected with
C.supported by
D.recommended by

4.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A.The reduced air pollution has economic effects on human health.
B.Exposure to trees and nature has positive effects on menial health.
C.There is an instinctive bond between human beings and other forms of life.
D.Population density is due to the great tree cover in the US.

5.Which of the following would be LEAST likely in biophilic design?

A.Growing flowers.
B.Keeping pets.
C.Painting the wall green.
D.Working in a team.

(B) Can the red wolf survive outside of zoos? Is it really a distinct species? These are some of the questions that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) says it needs to answer before it can decide whether to continue managing the only population left in the wild. The agency announced today that it would spend the rest of the year evaluating its recovery efforts and conducting research on the controversial species, and won’t release any more animals into the wild for the time being. Advocates are concerned that the agency is winding down its efforts to protect the wolf. “The emphasis and tone have moved far away from the conservation and recovery of an endangered species and seems to be preparing the public for its eventual extinction in the wild,” says Sierra Weaver, an attorney with the Southern Environmental Law Center in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Red wolves were nearly hunted to extinction in the 20th century. Biologists established a captive breeding population in zoos, some of which FWS released back into the wild starting in 1987. Between 50 and 75 red wolves remain on a peninsula in North Carolina. The main threat is hybridization with coyotes, which have encroached on wolf habitat. Until recently wolves were upset, and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) promptly demanded that FWS take a hard look at its wolf recovery program. After a review by the nonprofit Wildlife Management Institute (WMI), completed this past November, FWS decided it needs to learn more. “The scope of our feasibility review will be broader and focus on questions and issues related to whether the overall recovery of the red wolf in the wild is truly attainable in light of the challenges identified in the Institute’s evaluation,” according to a statement. The major hurdles flagged by WMI are the need for multiple wild populations, hybridization with coyotes, the integrity of the wolf genome, and land ownership patterns in wolf habitat. FWS is coordinating its research with NCWRC. Gordon Myers, executive director of NCWRC said in a teleconference that an important improvement would be upgrading the radio collars of red wolves that are captured on private land. This would allow researchers to identify wolves that repeatedly encroach and not release them again. FWS will convene a meeting of experts to try to come to consensus on the question of whether the red wolf is a distinct species. Some scientists think it is a hybrid of red wolves and coyotes. The agency also said today that it would not release new wolves to the peninsula while the review is underway (although it hasn’t done that in a year or so). Also remaining on hold is a key management activity—the release of sterilized coyotes to prevent hybridization—that NCWRC had prohibited. In addition, Cindy Dohner, FWS southeast regional director, said that the agency will improve communication with landowners who object to the wolves and establish a stakeholder forum to work with state, landowners, and conservation groups. The phrase Mon holdw in line 29 paragraph 6, is closest in meaning to______.

A.delayed
B.supported
C.detained
D.unchanged

7.According to the passage, which of the following about the red wolves is NOT true?

A.It is not sure whether the red wolves can live in the wild.
B.The fate of the red wolves is certain.
C.Red wolves are endangered in the United States.
D.To some scientists, the red wolf has already been bred from two species.

8.Why were the advocates concerned about the conservation of the red wolves?

A.Because FWS is slow in releasing sterilized coyotes to stop the red wolves from being hybridized.
B.Because FWS is not making as much effort as before to protect the red wolves.
C.Because FWS docs not believe that the red wolf is a distinct species.
D.Because FWS has decided not to release any more animals including the red wolves into the wild for the time being.

9.The red wolves in the wild face the threat of______.

A.distinction
B.being hunted
C.being hybridized with other species
D.being captured on private land

10.What challenge is NOT mentioned in the article by the Wildlife Management Institute ?

A.Hybridization with coyotes.
B.The integrity of the wolf genome.
C.Land ownership patterns.
D.Upgrading the radio collars of red wolves.

二、詞綴題

Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (8%)

11.extricable 無(wú)法擺脫的

12.mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)家

13.reversible 不可逆轉(zhuǎn)性

14.play 相互作用

15.deficiency 缺乏的

16.verify 鑒定(名詞)

17.discriminate 不加選擇的

18.different 區(qū)分

三、填空題

Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form. (12%)

21. In some cases, Chinese industry has_______customer needs in designing products.

22.Our total energy consumption is now almost_______40% and still rising.

23.He showed us how to_______the graphic_______the text on the same screen.

24.In science fictions, people_______the future world.

25.These people are quite similar_______incomes and status.

26.Parents want to______their children_______as much art and culture as possible.

27.The plane arrived half an hour_______.

28.The driver stopped the car and______the engine______.

29.When the fireworks exploded in the air, we saw_______sparks falling down.

210.The flowers_______a sweet smell of fragrance.

211.Today, no one would doubt the fact that the earth______the sun.

212.The hotel housekeeper________the guest’s absence to tidy his room.

四、選詞填空題

Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (10%)

31.The more miscarriages or abortions a woman has, the greater are her chances of giving birth to a child that is underweight or premature in the future, the research shows. Low birthweight (under 2500 g) and (31) birth (less than 37 weeks) are two of the major contributors (32) deaths(33) newborn babies and infants. Rates of low (34) and premature birth were highest among mothers who were black, young or old, poorly (35), and unmarried. But there was a strong association (36) miscarriage and abortion and an early or underweight birth, even (37) adjusting for other influential factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure and heavy drinking. Women who had (38) one, two, or three or more miscarriages or (39) in the past were almost three, five, and nine times as likely to give birth to an underweight child as those without previous(40)or abortions.

五、用法說明題

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)

41.cater fordefinebring ... into playargue oversuffice for1、我們應(yīng)該調(diào)動(dòng)一切枳極因素，進(jìn)行必要的教學(xué)改革。2、學(xué)生們?cè)跒閰⒂^哪一家博物館而爭(zhēng)論不休。3、他們希望新建的實(shí)驗(yàn)中心能夠適應(yīng)你們的特殊要求。4、這份工資夠你現(xiàn)在花嗎?5、動(dòng)物學(xué)是研究動(dòng)物結(jié)構(gòu)、種類和分布的科學(xué)。

六、翻譯題

Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)

51.Between the distant quasars and the stars of the Sun’s neighborhood lies a vast middle ground where the architecture of the cosmos stands in full display. Far from scattering at random as astronomers once surmised, galaxies tend to congregate，as people do. Moreover, their congregations also congregate, and so on.

七、信息題

Directions: Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage. (10%×2%)

61.Web developer Nathan Broadbent loved automating everyday tasks. He also loved frozen dinners and wanted to program his microwave to prepare them. He suspected an oven could take advantage of Universal Product Codes—the bar codes found on almost all food packaging—to download and execute cooking instructions all by itself. “We’re at this point with technology that we have everything we need to make this possible, but no one’s doing it.”he says. To prove it, Broadbent took apart a 1990S—eramicrowave, studied its circuitry, and integrated a Raspberry Pi mini computer (and a custom circuit board) to hijack the oven’s electronics. Next, he attached a Wi-Fi adapter, a microphone, a speaker, and a barcode scanner. When the scanner identifies a food, the Pi downloads cooking instructions from an online database that Proadbent created and programs the oven to carry them out. The appliance even obeys voice commands (e.g., “Cook on high for two minutes”) and accepts instructions wirelessly via Internet-connected devices. When something finishes cooking, the oven doesn’t just beep—it speaks and can also update a Twitter account. So now Broadbent can have his microwavable cake and tweeze it too.