?英語(yǔ)科技文選自考2017年10月真題

自考責(zé)任編輯：彭雅倩 2019-06-23

摘要：該試卷為自考英語(yǔ)科技文選歷年真題試卷，包含答案及詳細(xì)解析。

英語(yǔ)科技文選自考2017年10月真題及答案解析

該試卷為自考英語(yǔ)科技文選歷年真題試卷，包含答案及詳細(xì)解析。

一、閱讀理解題

Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)

(A)　　In “Health and Climate Change: policy responses to protect public healthy” a group of European and Chinese academics built upon a 2009 report in The Lancet that outlined the expected public health impacts of climate change (full disclosure —the group of academics includes the author of this post). These impacts include increasing instances of respiratory, cardiovascular, and vector-borne diseases as well as under-nutrition and mental health challenges. 　　But, even more immediately, the authors discuss how moving away from carbon-intensive energy technologies could improve public health today by reducing other types of air pollution including particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).　　The core of this discussion lies on the fact that energy technologies that produce greenhouse gases also often produce these other air pollutants simultaneously. For example, diesel and gasoline vehicles, coal power plants, biomass (for example, wood and charcoal) for cooking, and many industrial processes (for example, mining, cement manufacturing, and smelting) all produce both carbon dioxide and particulate matter (PM).　　These other air pollutants lead to higher rates of illness and premature death in exposed populations.　　In the United Kingdom, air pollution from coal power plants is responsible for an estimated ￡3.1 billion per year in added health costs to treat conditions including lung cancer and chronic bronchitis. Overall, air pollution from the UK’s power sector is responsible for approximately 3,800 premature deaths each year due to respiratory disease alone. Each year, pollution from the UK’s transportation sector leads to 7,500 premature deaths across the country.　　Air pollution in China has an even more dramatic impact on human health. In 2010, air pollution led to an estimated 1.2 million premature deaths and the loss of 25 million healthy years of life. These premature deaths correspond to economic losses of up to USD 1.4 trillion. The average person in China will lose over 3 years (40 months) of life due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution even though the country already spends an estimated 0.37% of its GDP on cleaning the air. 　　Countries could quickly and economically reduce air pollution and its direct impacts on public health by transition to low-carbon energy technologies, according to The Lancet report. For example, a combination of more fuel efficient vehicles and increasing amounts of walking and cycling in the U.K.’s urban areas could lead to a net savings of more than ￡15 billion by 2030 to the country’s social security and healthcare systems.　　The overall message from the new Lancet report is that climate change mitigation could be the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century. Much of this opportunity lies in avoiding future negative health impacts from climate change. However, an arguably stronger—and certainly more immediate—case lies in the immediate benefits resulting from lower levels of air pollution as we move to low-carbon energy technologies. 　　The word “that” in line 2, paragraph 1，refers to______.

A.The Lancet
B.a group of European and Chinese academics
C.the 2009 report
D.the current Lancet report

2.The word “exposed” in line 1，paragraph 4, is closest in meaning to_______.

A.affected
B.vulnerable
C.sick
D.unprotected

3.“The Lancet” in line 2, paragraph 7, refers to_______.

A.a climate conference
B.an ecological safety magazine
C.a medical journal
D.a forum

4.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.Power plants could hardly avoid air pollution.
B.Climate change affects physical rather than mental health.
C.It is difficult to reduce air pollution quickly.
D.Carbon-intensive energy technologies are most responsible for air pollution.

5.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Less air pollution cannot possibly result in immediate benefits.
B.Climate change mitigation could help to reduce public health problems.
C.Energy technologies often produce air pollutants.
D.Both China and UK should strive to develop low-carbon energy technologies.

(B)　　I’ve seen some big bumblebees in my time, but nothing like South America’s Bombus dahlbomii. “It looks like a flying mouse,” says Sarina Jepsen, endangered species program director for the The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. “It’s huge, colorful and incredibly charismatic.”　　B. dahlbomii is, in fact, the world’s largest bumblebee. Native to the Patagonia region of Argentina and Chile, the queens of the species can reach an amazing four centimeters in length. That’s eight times the size of one of the most recognizable North American species, the American bumblebee (B. pensylvanicus).　　The Patagonian bumblebee’s notable size doesn’t offer them much protection, though. Over the past decade the species has been wiped out from much of its historic range. It’s unknown exactly how many remain.　　So how did this massive species disappear in such a small amount of time? To answer that question, we need to go back to 1997. That’s the year that two European bumblebee species—large garden bumblebees (B. ruderatus) and buff-tailed bumblebees (B. terrestris)—were imported to Chile for the purpose of pollinating greenhouse agricultural crops. Some of the bees spread to the wild and they reached Patagonia in 2006.　　That’s when the devastation started. Not only did the buff-tailed bumblebees present some competition for the native variety, they were also infected with a parasitic protozoan called Apicystis bombi that, as you might guess from its name, targets many honeybees and bumblebees. The parasite—which does not appear to afflict the buff-tailed bumblebees一infects the guts, then spreads to other parts of the body. Still poorly understood, it appears to cause behavioral changes that result in a high level of worker bee mortality and slows the establishment of new colonies.　　“We need immediate action to help these bumblebees,” Jepsen says. The most important first steps will be to figure out how the pathogen is being transmitted among B. dahlbomii and how the invading species are competing with the natives for food and habitat.　　The work to find that information begins soon. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has launched a fundraising campaign to help raise the money necessary to evaluate the health and risks of B. dahlbomii and 100 other little-studied bumblebee species. “Funding is difficult to come by and we need to fast-track the process,”says Paul Williams, chair of the IUCN Bumblebee Specialist Group. He says the group already has some funding but the outreach will-help to fill the gap and also serve to engage the public in the plight of the world’s bumblebees.　　Meanwhile Jepsen worries about pathogens like this spreading to other species as bees are imported from country to country and continent to continent. She’s not alone; a 2013 paper published in the Journal of Applied Ecology warned that more than a million commercial bumblebee colonies are imported worldwide every year. Tests on colonies from three producers found that 77 percent of them carried microbial parasites, including A. bombi. The researchers dubbed the problem “Trojan hives.”As a result of that paper, the British Ecological Society and Bumblebee Conservation Trust called for strict controls of bumblebee imports in order to protect the U.K.’s native bees.　　It’s obviously too late for new controls to protect the “flying mouse,”but research by the IUCN’s bumblebee team will now seek to find out how endangered the species has become. Hopefully in the process they can come up with solutions to help save it. 　　What does the passage mainly discuss?

A.The flying mouse
B.The world’s biggest bumblebee at the risk of distinction
C.How European bumblebee species kill others
D.How pathogens afflict bumblebees

7.All of the following refer to the same thing in the passage EXCEPT_______.

A.the pathogen
B.the invading species
C.the microbial parasite
D.A. bombi

8.The phrase “come by” in line 4, paragraph 7，is closest in meaning to_______.

A.provide for
B.manage
C.obtain
D.receive

9.How did the buff-tailed bumblebees come to South America?

A.By trade.
B.By Spreading.
C.By invading.
D.By pollination.

10.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the B. dahlbomii species?

A.It is attractive.
B.Though huge, it cannot protect itself.
C.IUCN is now doing everything they could to establish strict controls to save it.
D.It is native to a part of Chile.

二、詞綴題

Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (8%)

11.literacy 無(wú)文化;文盲

12.fiction 虛構(gòu)的

13.reverse 不可逆轉(zhuǎn)性

14.compass 包含

15.time 永橫的

16.technology 生物技術(shù)

17.attractive 引誘劑

18.rhythm 有節(jié)奏地

三、填空題

Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form. (12%)

21.　　　　The president is about to________his visit to China.

22.As these children were so hungry, this little food obviously could not_______them.

23.To me the necessity of zoos in cities is only found_______their educational purpose.

24.______fire, ring the alarm bell.

25.If she didn’t know what she wanted, she might______getting something she didn’t really want.

26.The doctor said his illness________the pressure of his work.

27.All he had was money, which he_______his retired grandfather.

28.She has been_______for the last five months, hunting for a job.

29.Most trains would________passengers during the holiday season.

210.Students were still ________the lecture in the hall when the bell rang.

211.He_______his imagination and personal experiences to write this novel.

212.The car accident happened because the traffic lights were_______.

四、選詞填空題

Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (10%)

31.　　Hydrogen is the fuel of the future. Unfortunately, one problem (31): Hydrogen is a gas and cannot easily (32)pumped into a tank like gasoline. Storage(33)the form of solid hydrides, chemical compounds of hydrogen and a metal (34)semimetal, are good storage materials in principle, but have not been well suited (35)automotive applications. An American research team at the Ford Motor Company in Dearborn and the University of California, Los Angeles, has now (35) a novel hydride that could be a useful starting point for the development of future (37)hydrogen-storage materials. As Jun Yang and his team have(38)an “autocatalytic” reaction mechanism causes the composite made(39)three different hydrides to rapidly release hydrogen at lower temperatures and(40) dangerous by-products.

五、用法說(shuō)明題

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)

41.replete with 　　in memory of 　　stem from 　　opt for 　　within reach of 　　 1、正確的決定來(lái)源于正確的判斷。　　2、李教授想在大學(xué)附近租一套公寓。　　3、上水果前，每位用餐者都己經(jīng)吃得很飽了。　　4、選擇職業(yè)時(shí)，父親讓我拿主意，我選擇了教師職業(yè)。　　5、為了紀(jì)念在這次戰(zhàn)斗中犧牲的三位英雄，村民們修建了一座紀(jì)念碑。

六、翻譯題

Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)

51.However, much of industry is concerned with batch production where perhaps one type of item is made during the morning and another during the afternoon. Human beings are very good in this environment. From a robotic point of view, they are light mobile structures with exceptionally good sensory perception and intelligence far above that of any current robot.

七、信息題

Directions: Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage. (10%×2%)

61. In 1997, the geoscientist Brian Toon and colleagues found that a space rock half a mile wide would produce an explosion that releases the energy equivalent of up to 100,000 million ions (Mt) of TNT. And a meteorite a mile in diameter might send enough pulverized rock into the stratosphere to block out sun-light and cause global cooling.　　The object that killed off the dinosaurs was probably seven or eight miles wide, says Jay Melosh, a planetary physicist at Purdue University. Its impact would have ejected a dust smoke that spread clear around the planet and rained blazing-hot on to forests, igniting them. “The dinosaurs probably broiled to death,”he says.　　Such a collision today would kill billions of people. Those who didn’t perish in the initial blast or the fires that followed would face long odds of finding sustenance. “People are going to starve to death,” Toon says. Still, a few would likely weather the apocalyptic storm. For a collision to wipe out the human race altogether, Toon estimates it would take a 60-mile-wide meteorite. He says, “That would burn everybody to death.”