?現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2017年4月真題試題（00830）

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2017年4月真題試題與答案解析（00830）

現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)2017年4月真題試題與答案解析（00830），本試卷總共100分。

一、單項選擇題

Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. ( 2% ×10=20% )

1. A famous quotation from Shakespeare"s play Romeo and Juliet: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” may well illustrate the ______nature of language.

A.arbitrary
B.motivated
C.social
D.cultural

2. According to_________, vowels can be classified into three groups: front, central, and back.

A.the openness of the mouth
B.the shape of the lips
C.the position of the tongue
D.the length of the vowels

3. The number of morphemes contained in the word “underdeveloped” is ________ .

A.one
B.two
C.three
D.four

4. In the X-bar theory, the complement in the phrase “regularly check his E-mail box” is .

A.regularly
B.check
C.box
D.his E-mail box

5. When we say “The book has a finger”, it is a typical example of a sentence which is .

A.semantically well-formed
B.semantically inconsistent
C.semantically contradicted
D.semantically anomalous

6. According to John Searle, the illocutionary act of the utterance “I promise to come” belongs to________.

A.directives
B.commissives
C.declarations
D.expressives

7.The following topics fall into the scope of historical linguistics EXCEPT_______.

A.sound change
B.morphological change
C.syntactic change
D.register varieties

8.It is the ___________differences that have often been used to illustrate the “illogic” of Black English.

A.morphological
B.syntactic
C.phonological
D.semantic

9.According to the lateralization theory, which of the following is NOT the primary function of the left hemisphere of the brain?

A.Calculation
B.Analytic reasoning
C.Temporal ordering
D.Visual and spatial skills

10.In general, children"s two-word stage begins roughly .

A.in the late part of the first year or the early part of the second year
B.in the second half of the second year
C.between two and three years old
D.between four and five years old

二、單詞填空

Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.( 1% ×10=10% )

11. S ___________descriptions are often thought of as being descriptions of a language as it exists at the present day and most linguistic studies are of this type.

12.The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in the pharyngeal, o_________, and nasal cavities.

13.Phonetically, the stress of a compound word usually falls on the f___ element.

14.A simple sentence consists of a single c____ which contains a subject and a predicate.

15.The sentence “Green clouds are sleeping furiously” is not s____ meaningful but grammatically well-formed.

16.All the speech acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same i___ point.

17.Physiologically, vowels tend to be n___ before nasal consonants because it is difficult to time the lowering of the velum to produce nasality with the consonant articulation.

18.S_________is a casual use of language that consists of expressive but nonstandard vocabulary, typically of arbitrary, flashy and often ephemeral coinages and figures of speech characterized by spontaneity and sometimes by raciness.

19.Much evidence in support of lateralization for language in the left hemisphere comes from researches in d___ listening tasks.

110.Adults are motivated to learn a second language because of a communicative need. They may learn a second language in order to use it functionally, in which case i____ motivation occurs.

三、判斷改錯題

Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. ( 2%×10=20% )

21.While Saussure took a sociological view of language, Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view.

22.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as tone.

23.Morphology can be divided into two sub-branches: lexical morphology and derivational morphology.

24.Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.

25.The sentence “The cat are barking at the dog” only violates semantic rules.

26.The five types of general categories of speech acts distinguished by John Austin are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declarations.

27.Modern English has an elaborate system of case marking through overt morphological changes, thus its word order is more variable than that of Old English.

28.Pidgins are rule-governed, simplified language with reduced grammatical features.

29.When a bilingual speaker switches between the two languages concerned, he or she is converting one mode of thinking into the other.

210.The sounds and syllables that children utter at the babbling stage are meaningless.

四、名詞解釋

Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where appropriate. ( 3% ×10=30% )

31.duality (of structure)

32.minimal pair

33.inflectional morpheme

34.syntactic movement

35.argument

36.conversational implicature

37.diachronic linguistics

38.diglossia

39.linguistic relativism

310.interference

五、問答題

Directions: Answer the following questions.( 10% ×2=20% )

41.Describe the features that most compounds share.

42.Discuss with examples the differences between language acquisition and language learning.