?英語閱讀(二)2014年10月真題試題（00596）

英語閱讀(二)2014年10月真題試題及答案解析（00596）

英語閱讀(二)2014年10月真題試題及答案解析（00596），本試卷為英語自考專業(yè)，共100分。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題

Reading Comprehension.(50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.

1.Passage OneTrue, going to college for four years can be an enriching, eye-opening experience. True, a bachelor"s degree is still an asset if you're trying to make it in America. It’s also a must for many créme de la crème careers.But not all- kids are cut out for college, despite the expectations of their parents or teachers. And, especially in the brave new world of the 21st century, no tall kids need to go to college right after high school - or ever - to succeed, says J. Michael Farr, author of America's Top Jobs for People Without a Four-Year Degree.“The mythology here is that everybody has to go to college to do well. Not true,” says Farr. “This generation is a little bit better off than ours. But there are so many more options. It's more complex now. ”A boom economy coupled with dramatic changes in technology has created entirely new jobs and expanded opportunities in age-old professions, Many of these occupations - from computer programmers and Web page designers to chefs and police officers - don't require a bachelor's degree. Neither do many good jobs in the arts, crafts, skilled trades, construction, service industry, science, and. Health fields. Such jobs include: aircraft mechanic, cardiovascular technologist, electronic technician, law clerk, registered nurse, sales rep, secretary, travel agent .. the list goes on. Jenna Norvell, 21, is now full of career ideas thanks to a ten-month cosmetology program she attended this year [2000] at the Aveda Institute in Minneapolis. She paid $9,865 for tuition and about $6,000 more in expenses,including rent for a one-bedroom apartment she. shared with another student.Although Norvell got lots of career leads from salon recruiters at a career fair hosted by the institute, she didn't meet any from California - where she wants to live. So she plans to find a job out West on her own, perhaps in television or maybe doing makeup for fashion shows, or selling cosmetics, or managing a salon.“You'd be surprised how many occupations there are in this field," says Norvell.“High school students often don't understand there are so many options available to them," says Farr. “That's a shame. People who are interested in various things really can earn a decent living even if they don't want to go to college.”It's still true that people with more educations, on average, earn more money.But 28 percent of workers without a four-year degree earn more than the average worker with a bachelor"s degree, according to Harlow G. Unger, author of But What if I Don’t Want to Go to College? - a guide to educational alternatives to college.And more and more computer-savvy young people are skipping college to join the high-tech revolution as computer network engineers, Internet entrepreneurs, and game designers.Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.The first paragraph tells us .

A.the key to a successful career
B.the reason for going to college
C.the importance of going to college
D.some common notions held by the public

2.Farr believes that .

A.new job opportunities only exist in age. old professions
B.a boom economy doubles the need of a bachelor"s degree
C.the mythology misleads the young people"s choice of their career
D.there are more job options for the young generation than his own

3.Norvell"s story tells us .

A.it is easier to find a job in California
B.not all jobs need a higher education background
C.a cosmetology program will rule out job opportunities
D.the Aveda Institute offers the learner a free place to live in

4.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Only by going to college can one get a decent job.
B.One can still can a decent living even without going to college.
C.High school students fail to realize many job options are available.
D.Skill training may enable a high-school graduate to find a good job.

5.In this passage, the author thinks .

A.computer-savvy young people quit school after having read Unger"s book
B.it costs much more to join a skill training program than go to college
C.not all kids have the qualities needed for going to college
D.more educations surely enable one to earn more money

6.Passage TwoHow we look and how we appear to others, probably worry us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we ,are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner, If we do, they tell us,we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply. just to dress. A barber does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to,and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did.The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person. can establish a fashion. Take hats,for example. In cold climate, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable, After World: WarⅡ, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else, Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a nightclub. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you'll see that no one else does either!Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.The author thinks that people are .

A.reluctant to follow the trends of fashion
B.concerned about appearance in old age
C.far from neglecting what is in fashion
D.satisfied with their appearance

7.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to .

A.confidence in life
B.personal dress
C.obsession with style
D.personal future

8. The passage indicates that the causes of fashions are .

A.uniform
B.varied
C.unknown
D.inexplicable

9.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes .

A.capability
B.formality
C.informality
D.individuality

10. Which of the following can best state the main idea of the last paragraph?

A.Negligence of fashions in all situations.
B.Consideration of fashions in informal situations.
C.Negligence of appearance in informal situations.
D.Consideration of appearance in formal situations.

11.Passage ThreeAnna liked the look of the house as soon as she saw it. Jack knew that before she said anything. The plain white walls, the black window frames and door - the good taste of that combination had always pleased her.“It's a nice family house, " she said.“One can see it's been well lived in.”Fifty-seven Eden Square was a tall narrow house of three storeys in the middle of a row facing a small park. It was in what a house agent would call a popular rather than a fashionable area.The little front gate was open, broken. They went in and up a few stone steps to the front door. They could see in through one of the sitting-room windows from which a net curtain had fallen at one side. The large room was almost bare. A dirty green carpet half covered the floor. From an old brick fireplace a gas-fire had been pulled out into the room. The wallpaper was dark green, dirty and damp-looking. There was no furniture. Silently they stared in.Then Jack tried the front door. It was locked.“Any empty house up for sale needs cleaning," said Anna.“That's part of the fun of buying. You can make it look so different. This place will be a lot better when cleaned up. How much do you think it'll cost?"“Well, it's about eighty years old, and modernized probably. ”He stepped back and looked up. "It should have three or four large bedrooms, as large as I think bedrooms ought to be, and one or two small, ones. That is, if it wasn't used as a guest house in the days before people started going to Spain for their holidays, I think it would cost about fifteen thousand. It depends on how modern it is inside. We'll get the keys and have a look, shall we?"They did so the following afternoon. In an earlier time, the spacious house had had large, airy bedrooms. All four of these were now divided up by wooden wall sand ugly passages. Each big window looking onto the park was shared by two or even three rooms. There were in all eighteen tiny bedrooms, each with a tiny washbasin and water: sleeping space for thirty or so holidaymakers.“Little cages," Anna said. She did not like the place at all.Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three.What did Anna and Jack plan to do?

A.They planned to sell the house.
B.They planned to run a small hotel.
C.They planned to buy a family house.
D.They planned to find a small hotel for their holiday.

12.How did Anna think of the house when she first saw it?

A.The house was too expensive for her.
B.The house used to be owned by a rich family.
C.The house was in need of thorough renovation.
D.The house was pleasant to look at from outside.

13.Which of the following is TRUE about Fifty-seven Eden Square?

A.It was suitable for stylish people to live in.
B.It was in a fashionable neighborhood.
C.It was located in the middle of a park.
D.It was in a popular neighborhood.

14.How many bedrooms had the house had in an earlier time?

A.Four.
B.Eight.
C.Twelve.
D.Eighteen.

15.Anna did not like the house anymore because______.

A.it had exceedingly large bedrooms
B.it was not an ideal family house
C.it was not airy and comfortable
D.it needed too much decoration

16.Passage FourLife used to be simpler than today. People picked the careers their parents expected them to or went to whatever job was available. Once employed, most people stuck to their careers; in fact, few people had the luxury of considering a change. They patiently waited for a few moves up the corporate ladder, supported their families, and collected a gold watch upon retirement.Many people still follow this career course. But for millions of others, life is more complex.Many people decide that they may be in the wrong career , that they would be better satisfied or more creative in a different one. When people: be come euphoric at 4 p.m. on Friday and depressed because it's Sunday evening and they have to go to work tomorrow, it says something about their feelings about their job. To help these people, there are professional career counselors who charge fees that can range from $100 to several thousand dollars. The career counseling field,because of the demand for the service, has attracted some excellent professionals but has drawn others who have dubious credentials.People in their 40s become conscious that all of their young dreams are not going to come true. Career counselors seem to be seeing an increasing number of clients in that age that are troubled by what is called mid-life crisis". Some want to confirm that they are in the right field; others believe that a career shift will solve their problems. For any person to try a new career at 30 or 40 is a difficult task. It takes a lot of courage to look at yourself, your career, dreams, and goals and decide to make a shift. It is a lot easier to stay put and do the best you can.Some counseling professionals think that career counseling is not a magical process where perfect solutions to problems are hatched at every session. Instead they ask clients to remember that career counseling is a guiding process that asks the clients to look at their lives and goals, then to find out how their particular kill strengths fit into accomplishing their goals.Most qualified professional career counselors use discussions, tests, surveys,life inventories, and other assessment tools to get people to look at themselves and to indicate strengths and weaknesses. Then comes the process of offering interpretations of results, a guiding hand, 'and support to clients. If individuals prefer not to have management know that they 'are questioning present career situations, then a reputable outside professional career counselor may be a good idea.Questions 16-20 are based on Passage Four.The best title of the passage is______.

A.The Change of Career
B.The Hard Life of Professionals
C.The Dream of Professional People
D.Career Counselors - A New-born Job

17.According to the passage, who should go to see a career counselor?

A.People who want a career shift.
B.People who come to their middle age.m
C.People who are not sure what to do as a career
D.People who are easy to get tired and feel depressed.

18.Which of the following is TRUE about people in their 40s?

A.They cannot realize that their dreams will no longer come true.
B.They are the potential clients of a career counselor.
C.They fail to be in the right field of profession.
D.They believe it is easy to change a job.

19.The word “assessment” in the 2nd line of the last paragraph means______.

A.evaluation
B.coverage
C.testimony
D.craving

20.What can we learn from this passage?

A.People in their middle age will inevitably undergo crisis.
B.A career counselor can always offer his clients perfect solutions.
C.Not all career counselors are qualified to offer their clients advice.
D.People in their 40s always get happy on Friday but nervous on Sunday.

21.Passage FiveArt is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case; however, at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sand paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; they have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.According to the Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural- perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract this evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a singer" to perform. a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the "singer" will produce as and painting on the floor of the Navaho Hogan. On the last day of the ceremony,the patient will sit on this sand painting and the "singer” will rub the ailing parts of the patient's body with sand from a specific figure in the sand painting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sand painting is then destroyed and disposed of, so its power will not harm anyone.The art of sand painting is handed down from old "singers" to their students.The materials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit: brown, red,yellow, and white sandstone, which is pulverized by being crushed between two stones much as corn is ground into flour. The “singer" holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and forefinger onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and great patience, he is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho does not allow reproduction of sand paintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this. However, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either the Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve the craft.Questions 21-25 are based on Passage Five.To most people, sand paintings can______.

A.create supernatural power
B.be used as a decorative craft
C.cure mental illnesses
D.contact the supernatural

22.According to the Navaho traditions, the “singer"______.

A.cures a patient by singing
B.is an artist with magic power
C.has the power to get contact with the supernatural
D.gives a patient medical treatment during the ceremony

23.Why does the “singer" rub sand on the patient?

A.Because it stands for a specific figure in the sand painting,
B.Because it cures the physical illness of the patient.
C.Because the patient receives strength from it.
D.Because it has great medical value.

24.To create a sand painting, the singer" uses______.

A.the ground sandstone
B.the corn flour
C.a flat board on the floor
D.a clean plate

25.In the Navaho belief system,______.

A.a sick person is believed to be evil-
B.reproduction of sand paintings is forbidden
C.It is a supernatural being who creates sand paintings
D.sand paintings used at a healing ceremony should be preserved

Vocabulary.

(10 points, 1 point for each)Directions: Scan the following passage and find the words which have roughly the same meanings as those given below. The number in the brackets after each word definition refers to the number of paragraph in which the target word is. Write the word you choose on the Answer Sheet.

11.He backs up his pitch with facts. Numerous studies, including recent reports by the Center for the Study of Reading and the National Council of Teachers of English, confirm that reading to children builds vocabulary, stimulates imagination,stretches the attention span, nourishes emotional development, and introduces the textures and nuances of the English language. Reading aloud is, in essence, an advertisement for learning to read.'Trelerse laments that elementary-school students are too often conditioned to associate reading with work. “We have concentrated so hard on teaching children how to read that we have forgotten to teach them to want to read," he says.His audience is surprised to hear that only 22 percent of eighth-graders read for fun daily, while 65 percent watch three hours or more of television each day.Research also indicates that average reading proficiency drops when TV viewing reaches about three hours a day. Their parents' habits are no better: a recent survey shows a decline in newspaper readership among U.S. adults.Lest there be any doubt about the stakes involved, Trelease makes a bold claim. Reading, he says, is the single most important social factor in American life today. “The more you read, the smarter you grow. The longer you stay in school,the more money you earn. The more you earn, the better your children will do in school. So if you hook a child with reading, you influence not only his future but also that of the next generation."Trelease found his calling not because it spoke to his intellect, but because it nurtured his emotions. When his two children, Elizabeth and Jamie, were young,Trelease and his wife, Susan, fed them as many books as meals. “I read to my kids because my father had read to me," he says. “I just wanted them to have the good feelings I had had.”26. an. aggressive speech aiming to persuade somebody (Para. 1)27. excites the body or mind (Para. 1)28. slight differences in meaning (Para. 1)29. mentally influenced or trained (Para. 2)30. the quality of great competence (Para.3)31. a detailed critical examination of opinions (Para. 3)32. for fear that (Para. 4)33. more intelligent or sensible (Para.4)34. helped something to develop (Para. 5)35. gave food to a person (Para. 5)

三、Summarization.

(20 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this section of the test, there are ten paragraphs. Each of the paragraphs is followed by an incomplete phrase or sentence which summarizes the main idea of the paragraph. Spell out the missing letters of the word on your Answer Sheet.

21.Paragraph OneAgriculture experts worry that a severe drought that :began in June may damage the rice harvest in central and eastern China this year, but add that it's too early to know whether the entire country will be affected.Drought takes toll on rice c_ _ _ _.

22.Paragraph TwoYou make a meal to take to work and then you forget it. Has this ever happened to you? Or you see someone you know well but you cannot remember his name. Researchers of Alzheimer"s said they now have proof that self-reported minor memory loss sometimes led to greater mental problems six years later.Memory d___ may be an early sign of Alzheimer's.

23.Paragraph ThreeMany top universities now offer online classes. They teach everything from.computer programming to the science of cooking. Many classes are at little or no cost. They are restructured more often than traditional college programs. That's important to the millions of students who learn technical and other skills from Lynda.com.The i___ of online classes on college programs

24.Paragraph FourA French serviceman has been arrested on charges of having planned an aggressive action against a mosque in Lyon in southern France. Citing a statement of the interior ministry, the daily Le Parisien said the 23-year-old soldier, who was arrested on the airbase Lyon Mont Verdu, damaged a mosque with a Molotov cocktail last year.France arrested a soldier over a mosque a___ .

25.Paragraph FiveThe China-Japan Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1978 should be commemorated and followed well, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said Monday, The treaty defines the direction of China-Japan friendship from generation to generation, and consolidates the political foundation for the long-term development of bilateral relations, Hong said.Japan should o_ _ the Treaty of Peace and Friendship

26.Paragraph SixMartha's Vineyard and Nantucket are popular places to visit, especially in the warmer months. Both are known for their sailing and sunsets and fun things to do. Martha's Vineyard is also known for its tall cliffs overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. The island is about 13 kilometers off the coast and is less than 260 square kilometers.An i___ of Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket.

27.Paragraph SevenWomen's soccer is becoming more popular around the world. But in most places, women still have less training and financial support than male players. A program held every summer in Berlin aims to improve opportunities for women. It brings soccer clubs from Africa and the Middle East to Germany for a week of games and discussions.An i___ in the popularity of women's soccer.

28.Paragraph EightAre people less happy or more happy the older they get? If you answered,more happy, then you were right based on a study in 2008. It found that people generally become happier and experience less worry after age fifty. In fact, it found that by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were at eighteen.The r___ between age and happiness.

29.Paragraph NineHealth experts have long noted the importance of physical activity. Exercises improve both your appearance and your health. Exercises help to reduce the risk of some diseases such as heart disease, stroke, type-two diabetes and even some kinds of cancer, Medical experts say some diseases can be reduced through normal exercises.Physical exercises l___ to better health.

210.Paragraph TenIndia's successively launching of its first nuclear submarine and aircraft carrier shows New Delhi's upgraded naval capability and its strong drive to dominate the Indian Ocean, observers say. The 37,500-ton aircraft carrier INS Vikrant will enter the water on Monday at Kochi shipyard in southern India, four years after its keel was laid.Launches highlight India's sea a___ .

四、Translation.

(20 points, 4 points for each)Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.

31.The public's fear of crime, including juvenile crime, is a major concern for policymakers. In California, and throughout the nation, nightly news programs often begin their broadcasts with accounts of violent crime committed by juveniles. (46.The Legislature and the Governor have enacted numerous laws to address the. public's concerns. about juvenile crime. Despite. these, efforts. Polls show that the public continues to see crime as one. of the most pressing problems in society)In January 1994, we released our report Crime in California describing overall crime trends in the state. This report, while similar, focuses on juvenile crime trends and the juvenile justice system in California's juvenile justice system is different from the state's adult justice system. This is because society recognizes that many juveniles need to be treated differently from adults.(47.Generally. the juvenile system. emphasizes treatment and rehabilitation, while the adult system concentrates on punishment of offenders. The juvenile justice system also consists of a large number of nonlow enforcement agencies,) Social services agencies, schools, and community-based organizations all provide services to both juveniles at-risk" of committing crimes and to juveniles who have committed crimes.Juvenile crime peaked in California in 1974 and then decreased through 1987.This decrease occurred at the same time as the proportion of juveniles in California's population was declining. Juvenile crime has increased since 1987. (48.It is. likely. that juvenile crime will continue to increase given the projected future increase in California's juvenile. population. In _order. to dress this growth in crime. Policymakers will have 10 pursue multiple strategies including prevention,intervention, suppression,and incarceration efforts)(49.The juvenile justice system has evolved over the years. based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles _who commit criminal acts. generally should be treated differently from adults.) Separate courts, detention facilities,e rules, procedures, and laws were created for juveniles with the intent to protect their welfare and rehabilitate them, while protecting public safety.Under certain circumstances, youthful offenders can be tried either as juveniles or as adults. But even in these situations, their treatment is different from that of adults. (50. For example, a juvenile who is arrested for an "adult” offense can be adjudicated in either juvenile court or adult court; if convicted, he or she can be incarcerated in either a county or state correctional facility or left in the community and if incarcerated, he or she can be placed with either. other juveniles or adults.) In contrast, an adult charged with the same offense would be tried in an adult court; if convicted, he or she would be incarcerated by the state and would be housed with adults.Juvenile offenders are generally placed in one of four legal categories depending primarily on the seriousness of the offense committed. Two of these categories (“criminal offenders" and “juveniles remanded to superior court") are for juveniles who have committed adult-like crimes. The other categories("informal probationers" and "status offenders") are for youths who have committed less serious offenses or offenses unique to juveniles, like curfew violations.