?自考英語(yǔ)二（下）課文翻譯之unit9

自考英語(yǔ)二（下）課文翻譯之unit9

Unit Nine

Aging in European Countries

歐洲國(guó)家的年齡老化問(wèn)題

We have to realise how old , how very old , we are . Nations are classified as “aged” when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this. Of the really ancient societies, with over 13 per cent above 65, all are in Northwestern Europe. At the beginning of the I980's East Germany had 15.6 per cent, Austria, Sweden, West Germany and France had 13.4 per cent or above, and England and Wales 13.3 per cent. Scotland had 12.3 per cent. Northern Ireland 10.8 per cent and the United States 9.9 per cent. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be — at least, for any future that concerns us now.

我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到我們有多老了。 當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家人口中有 7%或以上的人滿(mǎn) 65 歲或超過(guò) 65 歲時(shí)，就被列為“老齡國(guó)” ，而大約在 1970 年前，每一個(gè)先進(jìn)國(guó)家就已步人這個(gè)行列了。在真正的老齡社會(huì)中，有13%以下的人超過(guò) 65 歲的國(guó)家全部分布在西北歐。在 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代初，一些國(guó)家(或地區(qū))人口超過(guò)65 歲的比例如下：東德 15.6%，奧地利、瑞典、西德和法國(guó)13.4%或超過(guò) 13.4%，英格蘭和威爾 13.3%，蘇格蘭 12.3%a，北愛(ài)爾蘭 10.8%，美國(guó) 9.9%。我們知道我們的社會(huì)正在變得更老， 一個(gè)社會(huì)的人口增長(zhǎng)率越接近零， 它的人口就可能越老齡——至少對(duì)任何能關(guān)系到我們現(xiàn)在的未來(lái)是這樣的。

To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added,some of them only recently recognised. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio— the degree to which those who cannot earn depend for a living on those who can — is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world, because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.

除了這些我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)熟知的事實(shí)外， 還有更多的事實(shí)可以補(bǔ)充， 而其中一些還是最近才被我們認(rèn)識(shí)到的。 有這樣一個(gè)明顯的、 似非而是的論點(diǎn)： 造成老年人高比例的實(shí)際原因是出生人數(shù)而不是死亡人數(shù)。有這樣一條經(jīng)濟(jì)原則： 扶養(yǎng)率——即不能掙錢(qián)生活的人依賴(lài)能掙錢(qián)養(yǎng)家的人的程度——在我們這樣老齡化社會(huì)里比發(fā)展中世界的較年輕社會(huì)里要有利一些，因?yàn)榇罅可行璺鲳B(yǎng)的孩子與一定數(shù)量不能工作的老年人相比， 更是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。 人們已認(rèn)識(shí)到這樣一個(gè)突出歷史事實(shí)：先進(jìn)社會(huì)的老齡化都是一種突變。

If "revolution" is a rapid resettlement of the social structure,and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Taken together,these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. These facts and circumstances were well to the fore earlier this year at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France.

如果“革命”是對(duì)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的迅速重建， 如果社會(huì)的年齡構(gòu)成被看作是社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)非常重要的方面，那么在歐洲尤其是在西歐社會(huì)里，每個(gè)超過(guò)50 歲的人一生中就已經(jīng)歷過(guò)一次社會(huì)革命了。綜合起來(lái)，這些事情牽連出的結(jié)果剛開(kāi)始被人們認(rèn)識(shí)。這些事實(shí)和情況今年早些時(shí)候在法國(guó)維希舉行的一個(gè)世界大會(huì)上被視為對(duì)科學(xué)和政策的挑戰(zhàn)而置于顯著地位。

There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. But this is what elementary demography makes clear. Long life is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience of poverty and neglect, unless we do something about it.

這種觀點(diǎn)常遇到反對(duì)意見(jiàn)， 即正因?yàn)槲鳉W和西北歐出生率比別的地區(qū)下降得早，而不是因?yàn)樗劳雎史矫娴娜魏巫兓?所以我們的社會(huì)才變得如此老齡但初級(jí)人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)已經(jīng)把這個(gè)問(wèn)題解釋清楚了。當(dāng)然長(zhǎng)壽正改變我們的社會(huì)， 但這是根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)而來(lái)的說(shuō)法。 我們比以前任何一個(gè)社會(huì)更經(jīng)歷著長(zhǎng)壽， 這種情況還將繼續(xù)下去。但過(guò)度的長(zhǎng)壽，即便是在富裕的西方，也會(huì)遭受貧窮和忽視，除非我們采取一些辦法。

If you are now in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now , of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman. Expectation of life is a slippery figure, very easy to get wrong at the highest ages. At Vichy the demographers were telling each other that their estimates of how many old there would be and how long they will live in countries like England and Wales are due for revision upwards.

如果你現(xiàn)在 30 多歲，你應(yīng)當(dāng)知道你可以期望活到60 歲后再活上剩余生命的三分之一。當(dāng)然，你現(xiàn)在年齡越大，這種比例就越高，如果你是女人，這比例還應(yīng)該更高。 人生的估計(jì)壽命是一個(gè)飄忽不定的數(shù)字，年齡越大越容易有誤差。 在維希，人口學(xué)家們互相轉(zhuǎn)告， 他們對(duì)一些地方人口情況的估計(jì)， 如英格蘭和威爾上將有多少老年人， 這些老人的壽命如何， 注定要進(jìn)行修改， 因?yàn)檫@些數(shù)字一直呈上升趨勢(shì)。

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