?自考英語二（下）課文翻譯之unit8

自考英語二（下）課文翻譯之unit8

Unit Eight

Jet Lag: Prevention and Cure

噴氣飛機時差綜合癥的預(yù)防和治療

The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time . But do you have to suffer? Understand what it is. and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, and your flights will be less stressful.

噴氣飛機時差綜合癥是每個乘坐國際航班旅行的人在某個時候會碰到的問題。但你是否就這樣忍受著?如果你能了解噴氣飛機時差綜合癥是怎么回事以及注意飲食怎樣把它的不良作用減少到最小，你坐飛機的緊張程度就會輕些。

The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. It is due lo changes in the body's physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment.

乘飛機旅行對身體的影響實際上遠比我們意識到的更令人焦灼不安。時差綜合癥不是對不同時區(qū)進行調(diào)整的心理后果。它是身體的生理調(diào)節(jié)機制， 特別是激素系統(tǒng)，在不同環(huán)境中發(fā)生變化所引起的。

Confused? So was John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary of Stale, when he flew to Egypt to conduct negotiations on the Aswan Dam. He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag.

是不是被弄糊涂啦?美國國務(wù)卿約翰. 福斯特.杜勒斯從美國飛往埃及談判阿斯旺水壩問題時就被弄糊涂了。 他后來把自己在談判中判斷失誤歸咎于時差綜合癥。

The effects can be used to advantage, too. President Johnson once conducted an important meeting in Guam and kept the entire proceedings at Washington DC time. The White House working personnel were as fresh as paint, while the locals, in this case, were jet-lagged. Essentially, they had been instantaneously transported to America.

但是乘飛機旅行對身體的影響也可使之對人有利。約翰遜總統(tǒng)曾在關(guān)島主持一次重要會議， 整個會議按華盛頓時間進行。 白宮的工作人員個個精力充沛， 而當?shù)厝嗽谶@種情況下卻得了時差綜合癥。從本質(zhì)上說，他們瞬間一下子被運到了美國。

Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it.A great number of the body's events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. Naturally these have to be regulated,and there are two regulatory systems which interact.

既然我們懂得了噴氣飛機時差綜合癥是怎么回事，我們就能夠在解決它方而有所作為。我們身體的大量活動都按時在一天中的某個時間發(fā)生的。很自然它們需要調(diào)整。這時兩個調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)相互起作用。

One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour— yes, 25— rhythm. Normally the two timers are in step, and the external cues tend to regularise the internal clocks to the more convenient 24 hour period.

一個定時系統(tǒng)根據(jù)我們的官能和饑餓感以及我們在某個特定時區(qū)所經(jīng)受的周期性變化。 另一個定時系統(tǒng)在我們的體內(nèi)時鐘內(nèi) (其中一個主要時鐘可能位于我們大腦的稱為超交叉核的那部分中) 這些體內(nèi)時鐘在不受干擾時， 會使人體有一個 25 小時——是的， 25 小時——的生理節(jié)奏。正常情況下兩個定時系統(tǒng)是同步的，外部的信號會將體內(nèi)時鐘調(diào)節(jié)到更方便的24 小時周期。

If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different,the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together,now they ring at different times. Similarly, the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising.

然而如果你把整個身體移到一個時差4 個小時的時區(qū)，兩個時鐘就不再同步，正像兩個鬧鐘通常被一起定時， 但現(xiàn)在定時相差幾個小時， 兩個鬧鐘通常同時報時，但現(xiàn)在則不同時間報時。和時鐘相似，人體可以定時在晚上，而這時太陽正在升起來。

In time the physiological system will reset itself,but it does take time. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat.Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust.

經(jīng)過一段時間之后， 生理系統(tǒng)將會自我調(diào)整過來， 但這需要時間一個很容易監(jiān)測到的節(jié)奏是手掌出汗。一個人飛往某個時差為10 小時的時區(qū)將需要 8 天的時間重新調(diào)節(jié)他的手掌出汗情況。 血壓也是有節(jié)奏性的， 需要 4 天才能調(diào)整過來。

One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. The hormone cortisol, which controls salt and water excretion, is made in the morning, wherever the body is.But the growth hormone is released during sleep, whenever in the day that sleep occurs. Normally these two hormones are separated by seven or eight hours, but if the body arrives at a destination in the early morning (local) and goes to sleep as soon as possible, the two hormones will be released simultaneously.

出現(xiàn)這種差異的一個原因是人體的不同活動受到不同因素的支配。激素皮質(zhì)醇控制鹽和水的排泄， 不管人體處于何地， 它都是在早晨形成的。 但生長激素在睡眠時才分泌， 而不論一天中什么時候睡覺。 這兩種激素的分泌時間通常間隔七八個小時，但如果人體在(當?shù)?清晨很早到達目的地并且盡快睡覺，這兩種激素將會同時分泌。

What can we do about it? It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut.It relies on two things — the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee.The basic assumptions are:Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night.Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral.Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness,while carbohydrates promote sleep.Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.

我們對此該怎么辦呢?不可能等上4 天直到身體習(xí)慣新的時區(qū)。 幸好我們有個捷徑。這靠兩件東西——利用胃的力量調(diào)節(jié)其他活動發(fā)生的時間和利用咖啡的藥理作用?；镜脑O(shè)想是：早晨喝咖啡可以延遲體內(nèi)時鐘， 晚上可以加快體內(nèi)時鐘， 下午三點左右喝咖啡對人體時鐘不起作用。膳食中的蛋白質(zhì)引起不眠， 而碳水化合物促人人睡。 空腹進食有助使體內(nèi)時鐘得到調(diào)整。

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