?自考英語二（下）課文翻譯之unit6

自考英語二（下）課文翻譯之unit6

Unit Six

Improving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics

采用機器人技術(shù)提高工業(yè)效率

Robots , becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

機器人在所有發(fā)達國家的工廠和其他工業(yè)生產(chǎn)部門日益普遍得到應(yīng)用;機器人通過編制程序和策劃在無人干預(yù)的條件下完成工業(yè)生產(chǎn)任務(wù)。

Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry,where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. They also load and unload hot, heavy metalforms used in machines casting automobile and truck frames.

目前多數(shù)機器人用于汽車工業(yè)， 它們按編制的程序承擔(dān)轎車和卡車車身的焊接和噴漆這一類的工作。 機器人還可以用來裝卸用于鑄造轎車和卡車框架的機械中的熾熱、笨重的金屬鑄模。

Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. There they build electric motors, small appliances, pocket calculators, and even watches. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. These are the robots responsible for the reduction in job-related injuries in this net industry.

除了已在汽車生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域替代人工勞動外，機器人也開始出現(xiàn)在別的工業(yè)部門，雖然應(yīng)用的程度低一些。在那里機器人制造電機、小型器具、袖珍計算機甚至手表等。在核電站使用的機器人處理放射性材料，避免人員接觸放射性物質(zhì)。這樣的機器人在這一新工業(yè)中用來減少職業(yè)性傷害。

What makes a Robot a Robot and not just another kind of automatic machine? Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. As an example, a robot doing spot welding one month can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next. Automatic machines,on the other hand, are not capable of many different uses; they are built to perform only one task.

是什么東西決定一個自控裝置是機器人而不是一個自動化機器呢?機器人與自動化機器不同之處在于機器人完成某一特定任務(wù)后，可由計算機重新編制程序去完成另一項任務(wù)。 例如，做電焊工作 1 個月后，可以重新編制程序而轉(zhuǎn)成下個月做噴漆工作。 反之，自動化機器不能有多種不同的用途， 它只是被制造成執(zhí)行一項任務(wù)。

The next generation of robots will be able to see objects, will have a sense of touch, and will make critical decisions.Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to "see", robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system uses electronic digital cameras containing many rows of light-sensitive materials. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera, the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0 to 15, and another from 0 to 255. The 0 is represented by black. The highest number is white.The numbers in between represent different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will, but only after years of development.

下一代機器人將有視覺和觸覺功能， 并且能夠做出關(guān)鍵性的決策。 在微電子學(xué)和計算機技術(shù)上有專長的工程技術(shù)人員正研制機器人的人工視覺。機器人有了“看”的能力便能在一堆不同類別的物中辨別和檢查出某一特定物體。有一種機器人的視覺系統(tǒng)使用多排光敏材料的數(shù)字電子攝像機當(dāng)一個物體(如機器零件)上的光線照射到攝像機上時， 光敏材料能測量光的強度并將光線轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐幌盗袛?shù)字。這些數(shù)字是灰度系統(tǒng)的一部分，該系統(tǒng)以數(shù)值表示亮度。有的灰度范圍為0一 15，有的灰度范圍為 0 一 255。0 代表黑色，而最大的數(shù)值代表白色。中間的數(shù)字代表不同的灰色程度。 然后由計算機計算， 并將數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換成一幅表示該物體形態(tài)的圖像。 迄今尚不清楚機器人會不會有朝一日具有人眼那樣的視力。技術(shù)人員相信機器人會做到這一點的，但需要若干年的研究。

Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch.Other engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products. To do this, the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

從事其他先進技術(shù)研究的工程技術(shù)人員正在設(shè)計和試驗新型金屬手與手指，賦予機器人以觸覺。 還有的工程技術(shù)人員編制新的程序使機器人能確定諸如是否要報廢成品中有缺陷的零件。 要做到這一點，機器人還應(yīng)能識別哪些零件有缺陷。

These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to explore for minerals on the ocean floor or deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They work as gas station attendants, firemen, housekeepers, and personnel. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the will have to know about robotics.

具有觸覺、視覺并能決策的未來機器人將要做許多工作。它們可用來海底探礦或進入對人危險的礦井深區(qū)。機器人還可充當(dāng)汽車加油站的服務(wù)員、消防員、勤雜工以及保安人員等。任何想要了解未來工業(yè)的人必須要了解機器人

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