?2023年專升本英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)分析詳解

2023年專升本英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)分析詳解

一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

①現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be (am is are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：now, this …, these…等,但經(jīng)常不用。

What are you doing up in the tree?

你在樹(shù)上干什么?

I am writing a long novel these days.

我最近在寫(xiě)一本長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)

③表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。

I’m coming now.

我就來(lái)

What are you doing tomorrow?

你明天干什么?

He is leaving soon.

他就要走了

④表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。

He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.

他老是向我借錢,過(guò)一些時(shí)候就忘得一干二凈

例題：

I can’t catch up with the fashion, because the clothes style all the time.

A.has changed B. is changed.

C.is changing D. changed

答案及解析：

C 本題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的相關(guān)用法，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always/all the time等頻度副詞連用。句意是我跟不上時(shí)尚因?yàn)榉b款式總是一直在變。

二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

①過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was(第一、三人稱單數(shù))或were(第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱的復(fù)數(shù))+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

②過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

He was cooking supper this time yesterday.

昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他正在做晚飯

The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.

我看到小女孩的時(shí)候她正在玩玩具

③用于賓語(yǔ)從句或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行而且是延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。句子中通常不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

She was it happen when she was walking past.

她路過(guò)時(shí)看到事情的發(fā)生

They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.

他們?cè)诤诎档纳掷镒邥r(shí)唱了很多歌

④也可以表示過(guò)去一個(gè)階段頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。

He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.

他住在這里時(shí)老向我借錢

例題：

Their mother dinner at the kitchen when a quarrel among the children.

A.was preparing;was broken out

B.prepared;was broken out

C.was preparing;broke out

D.prepared;broke out

答案及解析：

C 本題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，以及時(shí)態(tài)一致。首先break out是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除AB。When引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，這是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的主句：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)+從句：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的組合。句意為當(dāng)孩子們?cè)趶N房里面爭(zhēng)吵時(shí)，媽媽正在準(zhǔn)備晚飯。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的、對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作,或表示開(kāi)始在過(guò)去,并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。

①在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have (has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。

②表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。

I have never seen such fine pictures before.

我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有看過(guò)這么好的畫(huà)

He has just gone to England.

他剛?cè)ビ?guó)

③表示在過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能延續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。

I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.

我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)有30年了

Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.

自從這家工廠開(kāi)張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作

④have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別：have gone to(“已經(jīng)去了”)表示人不在這里,have been to(“去過(guò)”)表示人在這里。

–Where is Mr Li?

–He has gone to the UK.

–李先生在哪里?

–他去了英國(guó)。

–Do you know something about Beijing?

–Yes,I have been to Beijing three times.

你知道北京的情況嗎?是的,我去過(guò)那里三次。

⑤在完成時(shí)中,一個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞(一次性動(dòng)作)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,此時(shí)須將該瞬間動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。具體變化見(jiàn)下表：

或使用下面這個(gè)句型：

It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主語(yǔ)(人)+謂語(yǔ)(過(guò)去時(shí))+……+過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

需要注意的是：在其它的時(shí)態(tài)中也存在類似問(wèn)題,記住,關(guān)鍵是：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

How long may I keep the book?

這本書(shū)我能借多久?

(句子中keep取代了borrow)

例題：

Both his parents look sad. Maybe they what’s happened to him.

A. knew B. have known

C. must know D. will know

答案及解析：

B 本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法，過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，正是父母已經(jīng)知道他發(fā)生了什么事情，所以他們看起來(lái)很傷心。這是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常見(jiàn)用法。

四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。簡(jiǎn)言之, 過(guò)去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

①過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。

②過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有already, just, once, ever, never等詞語(yǔ),也會(huì)有for… 或since…構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.

當(dāng)老師來(lái)的時(shí)候他們已經(jīng)打掃完了教室

The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.

在他發(fā)覺(jué)那個(gè)婦女是個(gè)騙子時(shí)她已經(jīng)走掉了

③過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中、after引導(dǎo)的從句中,或者從句是before引導(dǎo)的主句中。

After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.

我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進(jìn)了黑暗之中

He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.

他說(shuō)他以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)袋鼠

例題：

Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.

A. has left; comes.

B. left; had come

C. had left; came

D. had left; would come

答案及解析：

C had to wait 說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而“忘帶鑰匙”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在had to wait之前，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。丈夫回家發(fā)生在had to wait之后但是也是過(guò)去的事情，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可。

五、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

①過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞一律用“would +動(dòng)詞原形”。

②過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常由于賓語(yǔ)從句中,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：later, soon, the next (day).

③在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中不可以使用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),而應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.

他答應(yīng)付給我許多錢如果我?guī)椭隳莻€(gè)項(xiàng)目。

Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.

每次只要他有空他就會(huì)坐下來(lái)看看書(shū)。

④表示純粹的將來(lái)時(shí)用would或should,表示打算或主觀認(rèn)為的事情用was/were going to (+動(dòng)詞原形)。

She told me she would be 18 the next month.

她告訴我她下個(gè)月就18歲了。

She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.

她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步。

⑤過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)還可以表示一個(gè)過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。如：

When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.

白天下雨時(shí)他會(huì)隨身帶一把雨傘。

例題：

We were not sure whether they more vegetables.

A.are going to grow

B. were going to grow

C. will grow

D. have grown

答案及解析：

B 本題考查過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是were說(shuō)明故事發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以從句也是發(fā)生在過(guò)去時(shí)的環(huán)境中，排除A、C、D。句意為我們也不清楚他們是否會(huì)種植更多的蔬菜。

六、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指一個(gè)從過(guò)去就開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并由可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,它具有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)雙重特征

結(jié)構(gòu)是：“have/has + been +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。

I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.

我已經(jīng)在冰冷的水里游了將近兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

How long have you been waiting here?

你在這里一直等了多久?

例題：

Tom in the library every night over the last months.

A.works

B.worked

C.has been working

D.had been working

答案及解析：

C over the last three months的意思是“在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月期間”，這類時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，表示在過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間一直不間斷做某事。