2019年PETS-3沖刺模擬試題第二套

閱讀A:

The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use,according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC).The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放)by 80 percent by 2050,part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important-is not enough to achieve such reductions:the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.

The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.

‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,’explains Katy Janda,a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.’In other words，old habits die hard,even in the best-designed eco-home.

Another part of the problem is information.Households and bill-payers don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits.Without specific information，it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.Feedback(反饋)facilities,like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use;some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.

Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals’behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted一whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒溫器),for example.

Janda argues that education is the key.She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.

1、The underlined word“which”in Paragraph 2 refers to”________.”

A.the ways

B.their homes

C.developments

D.existing efforts

參考答案：D

參考譯文：考查詞義推測。此題考查which引導的非限定性定語從句，which指代的是先行詞existing efforts現(xiàn)有的努力。故D正確。

2、As to energy use,the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.

A.zero-carbon homes

B.the behaviour of building users

C.sustainable building design

D.the reduction of carbon emissions

參考答案：B

參考譯文：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段首句The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use,according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC).可知根據(jù)英國能源研究中心的研究，建筑物使用者的行為也許至少和它的設計一樣重要。故B正確。

3、The information gap in energy use _______.

A.can be bridged by feedback facilities

B.affects the study on energy monitors

C.brings about problems for smart meters

D.will be caused by building users’old habits

參考答案：A

參考譯文：考查細節(jié)考查。根據(jù)文章第四段Feedback(反饋)facilities,like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use可知反饋設備能夠縮短信息差距。故A正確。

4、What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?

A.The social science research is to be furthered.

B.The education programme is under discussion.

C.The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.

D.The behaviour preference of building users is similar.

參考答案：C

參考譯文：考查細節(jié)考查。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals’behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted可知建筑物使用者在家的行為是私人的并不可被預測的。故C正確。

5、What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about?

A.The importance of changing building users,habits.

B.The necessity of making a careful building design.

C.The variety of consumption patterns of building users.

D.The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.

參考答案：A

參考譯文：考查句意推測。根據(jù)文章第三段Katy Janda的話consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.及In other words，old habits die hard,even in the best-designed eco-home.可知建造使用者改變習慣的重要性。故A正確。

閱讀B：

Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流).Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment.However,ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way--by studying movements of random floating garbage.A scientist with many years’experience,he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.

Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes—about 60,000 in total—fell into the ocean in a shipping accident.He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected,the company told him that they didn't.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed,he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.

The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing(海灘搜尋)because winds and currents join here,and as a result,there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area.Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes.With this data,he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents,and publish the findings of their study.

As the result of his work,Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts,with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.

1、Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out __.

A.what caused the shipping accident

B.when and where the shoes went missing

C.whether it was all right to use their shoes

D.how much they lost in the shipping accident

參考答案：C

參考解析：考查推理判斷。Ebbesmeyer給這些鞋的公司打電話是為了確定什么?根據(jù)As expected,the company told him that they didn't.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed,he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.可知他打電話問公司要不要這些鞋，公司說不要。他覺得這可能是一個巨大的實驗。如果他能知道這些鞋是何時下水的，何時登陸的，那他就可以推斷洋流的形式。這樣，打電話最根本的目的是確定“能用你們的鞋子嗎?能用我就用來實驗了?！惫蔬xC。

2、The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ___.

A.fitting rooms

B.trading fairs

C.business talks

D.group meetings

參考答案：B

參考解析：考查詞義猜測。和第一段畫線短語swap meets的意思更接近的詞是什么?根據(jù)try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.可知人們要試穿或賣這些鞋，故推測這是在進行一個交易會。故選B。

3、Ebbesmeyer is most famous for ____.

A.traveling widely the coastal cities of the world

B.making records for any lost objects on the sea

C.running a global currents research association

D.phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea

參考答案：D

參考解析：考查細節(jié)理解。Ebbesmeyer以什么最出名?根據(jù)Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.可知Ebbesmeyer是個著名的科學家，專門打電話尋問罕見的海上漂流物。故選D。

4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?

A.To call people's attention to ocean pollution.

B.To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.

C.To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.

D.To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.

參考答案：C

參考解析：考查推理判斷。作者下這篇文章的目的是什么?根據(jù)However,ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way--by studying movements of random floating garbage.可知本文介紹了一種獨特的研究洋流的方法——通過研究海洋上的漂流物。故選C。

5、How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?

A.By collecting information from beachcombers.

B.By studying the shoes found by beachcomber.

C.By searching the web for ocean currents models.

D.By researching ocean currents data in the library.

參考答案：A

參考解析：考查細節(jié)理解。Ebbesmeyer如何證明他的假設的?根據(jù)Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.可知Ebbesmeyer通過尋問海洋搜尋，請他們幫忙來收集信息，證明他的假設。故選A。選項B,通過研究海洋搜尋發(fā)現(xiàn)的鞋。根據(jù)In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes.With this data,he and a colleague were able to test and可知他用這些鞋的信息做實驗，故排除B項。選項C,通過上網(wǎng)搜尋洋流的模型。根據(jù)improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents,可知他自己不斷完善洋流模型的電腦程序設計，不是在網(wǎng)上搜的洋流模型，故與原文不符。選項D,通過在圖書館研究洋流資料。文中沒有提到他在圖書館的學習研究，故排除D項。

閱讀C：

Most damagingly,anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.

Not everyone experiences anger in the same way;what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels(決斗)as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.

Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions EEG(腦電圖)measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(額葉前部)areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition(意向)that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and,as a result of this,we’re likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whether positive or negative.

Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不對稱)of EEG activity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感)towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response.In defensive anger,in contrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.

1、What changes can be found in an angry brain?

A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.

B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.

C.Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.

D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.

參考答案：B

參考譯文：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段，尤其But when we are angry the EEG of right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balances…可以判斷在生氣的時候，大腦的額葉前部區(qū)域發(fā)現(xiàn)不平衡的圖案。故B正確。

2、The“duels”example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ___.

A.usually has a biological basis

B.varies among people

C.is socially and culturally shaped

D.influences one’s thinking and evaluation

參考答案：C

參考譯文：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.可以判斷“決斗”的例子證明了生氣的表情是社會和文化形成的。故C正確。

3、What is the key message of the last paragraph?

A.How anger differs from other emotions.

B.How anger relates to other emotions.

C.Behavioural responses to anger.

D.Behavioural patterns of anger.

參考答案：D

參考譯文：考查主旨要義。文章最后一段主要說明了offensive anger和defensive anger兩種不同的生氣形式，故其關鍵信息是Behavioural patterns of anger。故D正確。

4、Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?

A.Approaching the source of anger.

B.Trying to control what is disliked.

C.Moving away from what is disliked.

D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.

參考答案：A

參考譯文：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段中The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.可知典型的攻擊性的生氣是主動接近令自己生氣的人或處境。故A正確。

閱讀D

Before I had my son,I spent two years working with children with disabilities.I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster.Coming up against their behaviour could only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme.I found something that worked,though.

There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him.One day the boy joined a session in the room next to mine.His appearance created an atmosphere of tension.He spent the entire session running around,hitting and kicking,and destroying property.

I was in the craft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me that this boy’s teacher was in tears,and could not get control of the situation.As we were talking，the boy ran in.I told my co-worker that I would take care of him.

I closed the door.He was full of energy,throwing things around and making a huge mess.But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me.He needed connection,and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it.So I sat back down and kept quiet.Then he slowed down and began making a rocket.I talked to him about it.We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation:

“So what happened today?”

It was purely a question,no blame or anger in my tone.I believe that if I had criticized him,the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed.He told me that the teacher didn’t let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked.He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game.I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset.This again was stated simply as a fact.I suggested that next time he had a session,he talk about what he hoped to do at the start，which might be easier for everyone.He agreed and was quiet for a moment.Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.

1、Why didn’t the author do anything about the boy’s bad behavior at first?

A.She didn’t want to make it worse.

B.She didn’t mind the huge mess at all.

C.She was tired of shouting and threats.

D.She hadn’t thought of a coping strategy.

參考答案：A

參考解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第六段“I believe that if I had criticized him,the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed”可知作者知道如果批評的話那個小男孩就不會再交流什么了，所以作者期望情況不要惡化好利于與男孩的交流，故A正確。

2、The boy made trouble for his teacher because he_____.

A.was accused of destroying property

B.was told not to yell at other children

C.was made to do things against his will

D.was blamed for creating an air of tension

參考答案：C

參考解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第六段“…but asked him to do what he disliked”可知那個男孩之所以惹麻煩是因為老師總叫他做他不喜歡的事情也就是違背他意愿的事，故C正確。

3、Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?

A.He was sorry about his reputation.

B.He was regretful about his behavior.

C.He was fearful of the author’s warning.

D.He was sad for the author’s misunderstanding.

參考答案：B

參考解析：考查判斷推理。根據(jù)第六段最后一句“hen he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize”可知男孩想去道歉，所以推斷出男孩是感到后悔了，故B正確。

4、The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by _____.

A.playing games with him

B.giving him a good suggestion

C.describing his teacher’s feelings

D.avoiding making critical remarks

參考答案：D

參考解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第六段“…no blame or anger in my tone”可知作者的語氣上沒有任何的責備與生氣，這也是作者所采取的策略即不適用任何批評性的言辭，故D正確。

寫作：

Assuming that you are participating in the provincial middle school students'English speech contest,please write a speech to express your views on the phenomenon that some parents often read their children's diaries or schoolbags.

假設你正在參加全省中學生英語演講比賽，請你針對有些父母經(jīng)常翻看孩子日記或書包這一現(xiàn)象，寫一篇演講稿，陳述你的觀點。

演講稿的主要內(nèi)容應包括：

認為同學們不必為此苦惱;

希望能夠體諒父母的苦衷;

建議與父母進行交流和溝通。注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫;

3.開頭和結尾已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考范文：

Good morning,ladies and gentlemen.

Some of us are having problems with our parents,as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries.I fully understand why we are not comfortable about it,but there’s no need to feel too sad.Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure we’re not getting into any trouble.They have probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and thought we might do the same.Or perhaps they just want to connect with us but are dong it all wrong.My suggestion is:Tell them we want them to trust us as much as we’d like to trust them.If you don’t think you can talk to them,write them a letter and leave it lying around—thy are bound to read it.

Thank you!