2019年P(guān)ETS-3沖刺模擬試題第一套閱讀A

英語三級(jí) 責(zé)任編輯:谷蘭 2019-08-08

摘要:離2019年下半年英語三級(jí)考試(PETS-3)只剩一個(gè)多月了,考生已經(jīng)進(jìn)入緊張的沖刺階段了!來跟著小編每天作一套模擬試題吧!更多關(guān)于PETS消息,請(qǐng)關(guān)注希賽網(wǎng)英語頻道。

Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income.This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment,so it includes employees and the self-employed.Labor is one of the country's resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services required by the community.

Though the size of the workforce relies greatly on the size of the total population,there are several other aspects which also affect it.The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce.If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work,then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution.If the population grows rapidly from natural increase,i.e.the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths,then as a total population increases,the proportion in the workforce declines.

Sometimes a population is described as aging,which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly,and as people retire from the workforce,there are inadequate numbers of young people entering it to take place of those who are leaving it.The population is top-heavy with older people.So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.

The age distribution of the population has several important influences on the economy.If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce,this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group.If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels,finance must be available for that purpose.If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population,then the government tax receipts are relatively low and either the govemment has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.

1、The population which is top-heavy with older people poses a problem to _____.

A.the government

B.the economy

C.the workforce

D.all of the above

參考答案:D

參考解析:由末段可知old people過分增加,會(huì)給三方面造成影響:the govemment,the economy以及the workforce.

2、Labor force is composed of _____.

A.people who are available to work and earn income

B.self-employed people only

C.only those who are looking for an employment

D.only the employees

參考答案:A

參考解析:由文中首句對(duì)labor force的定義可知選A.

3、The conclusion which can be drawn safely from the second paragraph is that _____

A.a population growth from natural increase leads to a greater proportion of the work-force

B.a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce

C.the larger the number of the aged in a population,the higher the proportion of the workforce

D.if the population has an evenly spreaded age distribution,the workforce will be lower

參考答案:B

參考解析:第二段主要論述age disrribution對(duì)于勞動(dòng)力規(guī)模的影響。

4、When a population is said to be aging,_____.

A.more people are retiring than people entering the workforce

B.the birth rate is growing

C.there is an oversupply of workforce

D.young people outnumber old people

參考答案:A

參考解析:見第三段的第一句話。

5、The factor which does NOT influence the size of the worldorce is _____.

A.the size of population

B.age distribution of the population

C.national economy

D.natural increase

參考答案:C

參考解析:由第二、三段可知影響勞動(dòng)力規(guī)模的因素有the size of population,age distribution of the population以及natural increase.

參考譯文:

勞動(dòng)力指的是能夠進(jìn)行工作并獲取報(bào)酬的人的總數(shù)。這一定義包括所有已經(jīng)有工作和尋找有償職業(yè)的人,所以它包括雇員和個(gè)體經(jīng)營者。勞動(dòng)力是一個(gè)的資源之一,和其他資源結(jié)合后就可以提供社會(huì)所需要的商品和服務(wù)了。

盡管勞動(dòng)力的數(shù)量很大程度上取決于的總?cè)丝跀?shù),但其他方面的因素也會(huì)對(duì)它造成影響。總?cè)丝诘哪挲g分布對(duì)現(xiàn)有勞動(dòng)力有顯著影響。如果人口中有很大一部分是由于太年輕或太老而無法工作的人,可用勞動(dòng)力的數(shù)量就要少于年齡分布均勻的人口。如果人口的自然增長(zhǎng)速度過快,也就是說出生人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過死亡人數(shù),那么總?cè)丝跀?shù)量增加而勞動(dòng)力的比率則下降。

有時(shí),一個(gè)的人口會(huì)被描述成老齡化的人口,這就是說出生率下降或者上升的速度都很緩慢,沒有足夠多的年輕人來填補(bǔ)退休勞動(dòng)力的空缺。人口年齡分布因?yàn)槔夏耆藬?shù)量多而變得不均衡。所以,出生人口增長(zhǎng)得過快或過緩,勞動(dòng)力占總?cè)丝诘谋嚷识紩?huì)下降。

人口年齡分布狀況對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有幾個(gè)重要影響。如果人口正在老化,退休的人數(shù)增加的同時(shí)就業(yè)的人數(shù)卻沒有相應(yīng)的增加,就會(huì)衍生出沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)能力為退休人口提供適當(dāng)社會(huì)服務(wù)的問題。如果老年人得在特定的福利院或是療養(yǎng)院接受照顧,社會(huì)就必須為此提供經(jīng)濟(jì)支持。如果勞動(dòng)力人數(shù)相對(duì)于總?cè)丝跀?shù)較小,政府的稅收也會(huì)相應(yīng)較少,結(jié)果就是或者政府沒有足夠的錢為老年人提供福利,或者勞動(dòng)者的稅收負(fù)擔(dān)加重。

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