全國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)考必背作文范文（五）

作文是醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)考內(nèi)容，所占分值比較高?？忌枰炀氄莆湛疾┯⒄Z(yǔ)作文的寫(xiě)作類(lèi)型。希賽網(wǎng)考研英語(yǔ)頻道為大家分享2020考博英語(yǔ)必背作文范文匯總，希望能給各位考生備考英語(yǔ)助力。

the health burden of cancer is increasing in china, with more than 1.6 million people being diagnosed and 1.2 million people dying of the disease each year. as in most other countries, breast cancer is now the most common cancer in chinese women; cases in china account for 12.2% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers and 9.6% of all deaths from breast cancer worldwide.

中國(guó)現(xiàn)在面對(duì)日益增加的癌癥健康負(fù)擔(dān)，每年有超過(guò)1600萬(wàn)人診斷為癌癥，有1200萬(wàn)人死于癌癥。如大多數(shù)其他，目前乳腺癌是中國(guó)女性最常見(jiàn)的腫瘤;全球乳腺癌的新發(fā)病例中，中國(guó)占12.2%，死亡率占9.6%。

乳腺癌防治月，每年十月的第三個(gè)星期五即為粉紅絲帶關(guān)愛(ài)日。

breast cancer-1

etiology and symptoms

breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the second leading cause of cancer death. the incidence of female breast cancer has been increasing steadily from an incidence of 1:20 to 1:8 women today. breast cancer is truly an epidemic among women，but it is not exclusively a disease of women. the ratio of developing this disease between women and men is 100:1.

乳腺癌是女性最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤，在癌癥導(dǎo)致的死亡中，它列在第二位。當(dāng)今女性乳腺癌的發(fā)病率從1：20上升到1：8，呈穩(wěn)定上升趨勢(shì)。乳腺癌確實(shí)好發(fā)女性，但它卻不是女性獨(dú)有的疾病，此病女性與男性的發(fā)病比例為100：1。

those at highest risk for cancer of the breast are women: （1） who are over 40, unmarried, and childless;（2） who have not nursed an infant; （3） whose first pregnancy occurred after they were 35 years of age; （4） who had early menarcheand over 30 years of menses; （5） who have a positive family history of mothers or sisters with breast cancer, etc.

好發(fā)乳腺癌的高危女性人群包括：（1）年齡在40歲以上未婚、未育的婦女;（2）未哺乳的婦女;（3）初次妊娠年齡超過(guò)35歲者;（4）初潮年齡較早及月經(jīng)期超過(guò)30年者;（5）家族里有母親或姐妹患此病者;等等。

a lump in the breast is one of the prime symptoms of breast tumor. abnormal discharge from the nipple can be observed and should receive prompt medical attention. other symptoms include dimpling of the breast tissue and inverted breast nipple.

乳房腫塊是乳腺腫瘤出現(xiàn)的主要癥狀之一。當(dāng)觀察到乳頭異常分泌物時(shí)應(yīng)立即就醫(yī)。其它癥狀包括乳房組織凹陷及乳頭內(nèi)陷。

to be continued ...

new words and phrases

1. malignancy [m??l?gn?nsi] n. 惡性

2. incidence [??ns?d?ns] n. 發(fā)生率

3. epidemic [?ep??dem?k]n. 流行病

4. menarche [m?'nɑ:ki:] n. 初潮

5. lump [l?mp] n. 塊，團(tuán); 腫塊

6. abnormal discharge 異常分泌物

7. dimpling ['d?mpl??] n. 窩（酒窩）

8. inverted breast nipple 乳頭內(nèi)陷

national breast cancer awareness month is a chance to raise awareness about the importance of early detection of breast cancer. make a difference! spread the word about breast self-examination （bse） and mammograms and encourage communities, organizations, families, and individuals to get involved. the good news is that most women can survive breast cancer if it’s found and treated early. a mammogram – the screening test for breast cancer – can help find breast cancer early when it’s easier to treat.

十月，乳腺癌宣傳月是一個(gè)讓人們了解發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌重要性的好時(shí)機(jī)。讓我們來(lái)一起做與眾不同的事吧!讓大家了解乳房自我檢查和乳房x光檢查，鼓勵(lì)社區(qū)、組織、家庭、個(gè)人來(lái)參與。好消息是，如果乳腺癌發(fā)現(xiàn)并早期治療，大多數(shù)婦女的愈后良好，乳房x光檢查-乳腺癌的篩查檢測(cè)，早期發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌，把握最佳治療期。

乳腺癌-2來(lái)自tina空中微課堂00:0005:16although measures to prevent breast cancer are not known, mortality from breast cancer can be prevented in many instances through early diagnosis and treatment. when breast cancer is found early, the five-year survival rate is 96%. all women should have a complete medical examination that includes palpation of the breasts at least once a year and monthly breast self-examinations beginning at the age of 20. baseline mammogram is done by the age of 40, after that every one to two years for women 40-49 and every year for women 50 and older. keep a lifestyle of a low-fat diet, regular exercise, and no smoking or drinking.

盡管預(yù)防乳腺癌的方法不明，很多時(shí)候可以通過(guò)早期診斷和治療來(lái)防止該病造成的死亡。當(dāng)乳腺癌被早期發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，五年存活率達(dá)96%。所有女性都應(yīng)進(jìn)行全面的身體檢查，包括至少一年一次的乳腺觸診及始于20歲的每月一次的乳房自我檢查。注意乳房發(fā)生的任何變化。自40歲始建立乳腺 x線檢查基礎(chǔ)檔案，以后對(duì)于40-49歲年齡階段的女性，每一至二年檢查一次，50歲及以上者需每年檢查一次。應(yīng)保持低脂飲食、常規(guī)鍛煉、禁煙、酒的生活方式。

women should be taught that the prognosis for cancer of the breast is likely to be much better if the cancer is discovered early and treatment instituted immediately. the choice of treatment for breast cancer has been surgical procedures, but they are not the only modes. radiation therapy may be employed before or after surgical excision. another form of adjunctive therapyis the use of antineoplastic drugs; antibiotic derivatives; steroids; hormones, etc. according to the degree of the tumor, different types of surgeries can be performed, such as lumpectomy and axillary dissection, modified radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy and extended radical mastectomy.

當(dāng)乳腺癌被早期發(fā)現(xiàn)并早期治療時(shí)，它的愈后可能會(huì)好得多。乳腺癌的治療首選外科療法，但它并不是治療方法。外科療法前、后可采用放射療法。另外的輔助療法包括使用抗腫瘤藥物、抗生素衍化物、類(lèi)固醇、激素等。根據(jù)腫瘤的分級(jí)，可采用多種手術(shù)方式，如腫塊及腋窩淋巴結(jié)切除術(shù)、改良乳房根除術(shù)、乳房根除術(shù)及廣泛乳房根除術(shù)。

new words and phrases

1. mortality [m?:?t?l?ti] n. 死亡率

2. palpation [p?l'pe??n] 觸診，捫診

3. mammogram [?m?m?gr?m] n.乳房x線照片

4. prognosis [pr?g?n??s?s] n. [醫(yī)]預(yù)后

5. radiation therapy [?reidi?ei??n ?θer?pi] 放射治療

6. surgical excision手術(shù)切除

7. adjunctive therapy [??d???ktiv ?θer?pi]輔助治療

8. antineoplastic drug [??nti?ni:??pl?stik dr?ɡ] 抗腫瘤藥

9. derivatives [d?'r?v?t?vz] 衍生物

10. lumpectomy [?l?m?pekt?mi] n. 乳房腫瘤切除術(shù)

11. axillary dissection [?ks?l?r? d??s?k??n]腋下淋巴切除術(shù)

12. modified radical mastectomy [?m?difaid ?r?dik?l m?s?tekt?mi] 乳房改良根治術(shù)

13. extended radical mastectomy 乳房擴(kuò)大根治術(shù)