2019年PETS-3沖刺模擬試題第五套

閱讀A:

Mr.Black was young and able.The boss liked him.Last month he was sent to China on business.Before he went back from China,he decided to buy something for Tony,the son of his boss.At first he didn't know what to buy for the boy.Suddenly he remembered that the boy liked birds very much,so he went to the bird market.He was glad to find that there were so many kinds of birds there.He bought four beautiful birds,then he told the boy about it on the telephone.

As soon as Mr.Black returned to London by air,he went to Tony with the four birds.But on his way to the boss’s home.one of them flew out of the cage(籠子)and there were only three birds left in it.Then Mr.Black bought a local(當?shù)氐?bird to take the place of the missing Chinese one.

Tony of course was very happy when he saw the birds.But soon he found one of them was different from the other three.He asked，“It’s a local bird，isn’t it，Mr.Black?’’

“Yes,it is”Mr.black answered,“It’s an interpreter(譯員).”

1、What happened to one of the four birds?

A.It was dead on the way to London.

B.It flew away from the cage.

C.It was stolen by someone.

參考答案：B

參考解析：4只鳥中有一只飛走了。

2、Why did the boss send Mr.Black to China on business?

A.Mr.Black had never been to China before.

B.Mr.Black was an able and hard-working man.

C.Mr.Black could buy something interesting for Tony.

參考答案：B

參考解析：Black很能干，工作也很努力，他的老板很賞識他，所以才送他去中國出差。

3、Mr.Black said the local bird was an interpreter because __

A.the three Chinese birds didn't know English

B.it was different from the Chinese birds

C.he was making a joke

參考答案：C

參考解析：Black說這只當?shù)伉B是譯員，顯然是在開玩笑。

4、Whom did Mr.Black buy a present for?

A.His boss.

B.The son of his boss.

C.Mr.Black's wife.

參考答案：B

參考解析：Black買鳥是為了送給老板的兒子Tony。

5、How did Mr.Black return to London?

A.By train.

B.By ship.

C.By plane.

參考答案：C

參考解析：by air意為“乘飛機”。

閱讀B:

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals,assessing the problem,formulating options,estimating likelihoods of success,making a decision,and only then taking action to implement the decision.Rather,in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers,these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed“intuition”to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,and surprise;and to integrate action into the process of thinking.

Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition.In general,however,such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is.Some see it as the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.

Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’intuition is neither of these.Rather,senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways.First,they intuitively sense when a problem exists.Second,managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational,but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture,often in an“Aha!”experience.Fourth,some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools,and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.Finally,managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.Used in this way,intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that“thinking”is inseparable from acting.Since managers often“know”what is right before they can analyze and explain it,they frequently act first and explain later.Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles,in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting,but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face,senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue.One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem,not just of implementing the solution.

1、Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?

A.An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.

B.A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.

C.The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.

D.Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.

參考答案：B

參考解析：本題是一道段落結構題。第一句話中的“do not”和第二句句首的“rather”是破解本題的關鍵。抓住這兩個關鍵就可以推導出本題的正確選項應該是B。考生在解題時一定要注意表示否定的詞語以及表示啟承轉合的詞語，更要注意句子之間的相互關系。

2、It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X,who uses intuition to reach decisions,and Manager Y,who uses only formal decision analysis?

A.Manager X analyzes first and then acts;Manager Y does not.

B.Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis;Manager Y does not.

C.Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem;Manager Y does not.

D.Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem;Manager X does not.

參考答案：C

參考解析：本題是一道審題定位題。題干中的“who uses intuition to reach decisions”暗示本題的答案信息在第四段，因為第四段首句含有和題干中“who uses intuition to reach decisions”大致相同的“the intuitive style of executive management”。通過仔細閱讀和理解第四段的每一句話，我們可發(fā)現(xiàn)第四段的第一句話都在強調(diào)“act”(行動)，可見本題的正確選項應該是強調(diào)行動的選項C。本題的答案信息來源是第四段的第二句話。考生在解題時一定要首先準確地審題定位，然后要善于歸納和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。

3、The text suggests which of the following about the“writers on management”mentioned in line 1,paragraph 2?

A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.

B.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.

C.They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.

D.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.

參考答案：D

參考解析：這是一道句間關系題。題干已將本題的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本題答案信息的最主要來源，通過閱讀和理解此句，我們可推導出本題的正確選項是D?？忌诮忸}時一定要適當理解上下句之間的關系。

4、According to the text,senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to

A.speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.

B.identify a problem.

C.bring together disparate facts.

D.stipulate clear goals.

參考答案：D

參考解析：這是一道歸納推導題。本題題干中的“senior managers”暗示本題的答案信息在第三段，因為第三段首句包含題干中的“senior managers”。通過仔細閱讀和理解本段中所談到的五點，我們可推導出本題的正確選項是選項D。本題選項A、B、C所涉及的內(nèi)容分別在本段的第五點、第一點和第三點提到?？忌诮忸}時一定要學會認真歸納和總結原文所表達的每一層含義。

5、The text provides support for which of the following statements?

A.Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.

B.Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

C.Managers’intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.

D.Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.

參考答案：D

參考解析：本題是一道審題定位題。題干中并沒有明確指出本題答案信息在原文的準確位置。在這種情況下，考生往往迷失解題思路。在考生迷失解題思路時一定要牢記全文中心主旨，并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能夠抓住第一段的尾句，并結合第三段的第四、五句，就可以推導出本題的正確選項應該是D。考生在解題時，尤其是在迷失解題思路時，一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句，同時還要抓一些明確表示啟承轉合關系的句子結構。

閱讀C:

Americans are getting ready for the biggest soccer event in the world.For the first time the world cup soccer competition will be held in the United States.While millions play the game around the world,soccer or football has only recently become popular here.It is only in the last 30 years that large numbers of young Americans became interested in soccer.Now it is the fastest growing sport in the country.A recent study found that almost 18 million young boys and girls play soccer in the United States.

The study also found that soccer is beginning to replace more traditional games like American football as the most popular sport among students.And so,when the world cup begins next week,more than one million Americans are expected to go and see the teams play.Organizers say this year's world cup will be the biggest ever.All the seats at most of the 52 games have already been sold.

Soccer has been played in the United States for a little more than one hundred years.But how did the sport come to this country?And how long has it existed in other parts of the world?No one knows exactly where the idea for soccer came from,or when people began playing the game.Some scientists say there is evidence that ball games using the feet were played thousands of years ago.There is evidence that ancient Greeks and Romans and native American Indians all played games sim-ilar to soccer.

Most experts agree that Britain is the birthplace of modem soccer.They also agree that the British spread the game around the world.Unlike the game today,which uses balls of man-made material or leather,early soccer balls were often made of animal stomachs.The rules of early soccer games also differed from those we have today.

1、What is the author going to state in the next paragraph?

A.There have been attempts to start a professional soccer organization in the U.S..

B.In the 12th century soccer games in Britain often involved whole towns.

C.Professional soccer grew quickly in Europe.

D.Experts believed that the United States would win.

參考答案：B

參考解析：推理題。文中最后一段講述了英國足球是現(xiàn)代足球的發(fā)明國，接下來就應該介紹一下足球在英國的發(fā)展才符合邏輯。故選B.

2、Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?

A.Americans were preparing for the world cup when the author wrote this article.

B.More younger Americans became interested in soccer in the last 30 years.

C.Soccer is the fastest developing sport in the world.

D.The article was written before the world cup held in the United States.

參考答案：C

參考解析：是非題。見文中第一段第五旬提到，足球在美國是發(fā)展最快的運動，但沒有說在世界范圍內(nèi)是發(fā)展最快的運動。故選C.

3、Who invented the modem soccer game?

A.American Indians.

B.British.

C.Geeks

D.Romans.

參考答案：B

參考解析：細節(jié)題。見最后一段第一句，英國是現(xiàn)代足球的發(fā)明者。

4、For how long has soccer been played in the United States?

A.About a hundred years.

B.About fifty years.

C.Only recently.

D.About thirty years.

參考答案：A

參考解析：細節(jié)題。見第三段第一句話。

5、Which was the most popular sport as a traditional game among students?

A.Basketball.

B.American football.

C.Soccer.

D.Tennis.

參考答案：B

參考解析：細節(jié)題。見第二段第一句，"...soccer is beginning to replace more traditional games like American football as the most popular sport among students."可知"American football"是在青少年中最為流行的傳統(tǒng)運動。故選B.

閱讀D：

Students of United States history,seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements,have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social condition that affected the status of women.These historians,however,have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.Furthermore,the ideological origins of feminism in the United State have been obscured because,even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States,they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe.American feminist activists who have been described as“solitary”and“individual theorists”were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls,New York,in 1848.Thus,a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.

The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians.The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has,however,been less studied than the group’s contribution to early socialism.This is regrettable on two counts.By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’energy;hence,by ignoring its feminism,European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism.Moreover,since many feminist ideas can be traced to saint-simonianism European historians’appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.

Saint-Simon’s followers,many of whom were women,based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers.The new world order would be ruled together by a male,to represent reflection,and a female,to represent sentiment.This complementarity reflects the fact that,while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women,they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their utopia.

Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction.This minority believe that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character,and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education.The envisioned result of both currents of thought,however,was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.

1、The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of the Saint-Simonians EXCEPT

A.The group included many women among its members.

B.The group believed in a world that would be characterized by sexual equality.

C.The group was among the earliest European socialist groups.

D.Most members believed that women and men were inherently similar in ability and character.

參考答案：D

參考解析：這是一道歸納推導題。但是本題的題干確沒有明確給出本題在原文中的準確信息來源。這時考生就會迷失答題思路。請同學們一定要記住：每當自己迷失答題思路時，一定要多想一想全文的中心主旨句和每段的主題句，這會幫助考生尋找到解題的思路。本題的正確答案應該是D，因為選項D所表達的內(nèi)容和本文尾段第一、二句所表達的內(nèi)容相反。選項A、B、C的內(nèi)容分別在第三段第一句、第三段第二句以及第二段首句涉及。考生在解題時一定要牢記段落主題句。

2、It can be inferred that the author consider those historians who describe early feminists in the United States as“solitary”to be

A.insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thought.

B.overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848.

C.not focused narrowly enough in their geographical scope.

D.insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference.

參考答案：A

參考解析：本題是一道標點符號題。通過本題題干中的“solitary”一詞可將本題的答案信息中心確定在第一段第十行即第一段第四句話，通過仔細閱讀和理解本句話以及本句前后的兩句話，可以得出本題的正確選項A。其實美國的女權主義運動者并不“孤單”(solitary)，因為她們的思想和行動是和歐洲大陸的女權主義者有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系，是國際女權運動的一部分?？忌诮忸}時要善于理解標點符號，更要善于對原文的細節(jié)進行推導。

3、According to the text,which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?

A.A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.

B.A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status.

C.A society in which women did not enter public life.

D.A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power.

參考答案：B

參考解析：這是一道反推題。通過本題題干中的“most Saint-Simonians”可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在尾段的第一句。根據(jù)尾段第一句進行反推即逆向思維，可得出本題的正確答案是B?？忌诮忸}時一定要時時牢記反推題型，并且經(jīng)常利用自己的逆向思維能力。

4、The author’s attitude toward European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of

A.approval of the specific focus of their research.

B.disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians’energy after 1832.

C.approval of their general focus on social conditions.

D.disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts.

參考答案：B

參考解析：本題是一道細節(jié)推導題。根據(jù)本題題干中的“European historians”可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在第二段第四句，通過閱讀本句分號前后的內(nèi)容，可以推導出作者的態(tài)度是否定的，其否定原因是第二段第四句分號前半部分所表達的內(nèi)容。本題的正確答案應該是B?？忌诮忸}時一定要注意原文細節(jié)的推導，尤其是分句之間存在因果關系的時候。

5、It can be inferred from the text that the Saint-Simonians envisioned a utopian society having which of the following characteristics?

A.It would be worldwide.

B.It would emphasize dogmatic religious principles.

C.It would most influence the United States.

D.It would have armies composed of women rather than of men.

參考答案：A

參考解析：這是一道審題定位題。從本題題干中的“envisioned”(設想，預想)一詞可將本題的答案信息來源迅速確定在倒數(shù)第二段第一句和第二句，因為倒數(shù)第二段第一句含有“project”(計劃，規(guī)劃)一詞，倒數(shù)第二段第二句含有表示未來的“would”一詞。通過仔細閱讀倒數(shù)第二段的第一、二句話，發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩句話都包含“globe”或“world”，可見本題的正確選項應該是A。考生在解題時一定要善于利用題干中的詞語迅速而準確地進行審題定位。

寫作：

Why I Like Learning English

1.The main reasons for learning English;

2.The main methods of learning English.

1.學習英語的主要原因;

2.學習英語的主要方法。

參考范文：

English as a global language is more and more widely used by people around the globe.About one third of the world citizens speak English,about half TV programs are broadcasted in English,and the International conferences are all held with this language.Needless to say,English is quite important and we can’t communicate or contact with the outside world without it.

From where I stand,to learn English well,you can choose the following methods.The fundamental method can be recite adequate amount of vocabulary and read enough articles of different topics which can be a bit harder than your present level.Then I’d like to recommend some media to help you learn better.Listening materials like VOA or BBC,Reading materials like Reader’s digest or NY times,music and movies all can do your great favor.That’s my views on English learning.

參考譯文：

英語作為一種全球性的語言，越來越被世界各地的人們所使用。大約三分之一的世界公民講英語，大約一半的電視節(jié)目是用英語播送的，國際會議都用這種語言舉行。不用說，英語是非常重要的，沒有它，我們就無法與外界交流或聯(lián)系。

從我所處的位置，為了學好英語，你可以選擇以下方法?；镜姆椒ㄊ潜痴b足夠數(shù)量的詞匯和閱讀足夠多的不同主題的文章，這比你現(xiàn)在的水平要難一些。那么我想推薦一些媒體來幫助你更好地學習。收聽美國之音或英國廣播公司的資料，閱讀《讀者文摘》或紐約時報的資料，音樂和電影都能幫你大忙。這就是我對英語學習的看法。